What distinguishes an adverb from other parts of speech. Ranks and main features

Surely everyone who studies at school knows what the adverb differs from other parts of speech. But, nevertheless, in some cases questions arise. In order not to make mistakes and correctly define it, we will find out what distinctive features an adverb has.

General information

As you know, in Russian all words are divided into certain groups by their meaning, called parts of speech. Among them there are independent, giving names, signs, actions to all subjects. And another group - service, helping and serving the first.

Adverb, due to its peculiarities, is referred to independent parts of speech, as it carries the meaning of the sign of action. How does the adverb differ from other parts of speech? The fact that it is very multi-faceted. The number of questions the adverb answers is difficult to calculate: they are so diverse.

Most often there are the following: how (sadly, hard), where (in the distance, nearby), when (soon, in the summer), why (in a flash, not without reason) and some others.

The most important thing that distinguishes an adverb from other parts of speech, so it's immutability. For this reason, it has no endings, but at its disposal there is a whole arsenal of different suffixes.

Ranks

Thanks to adverbs, the Russian language is constantly updated with new words. Since they are often formed from the names of adjectives and nouns, their number does not decrease, but grows with the years. The more an adverb differs from other parts of speech, so this is the presence of discharges. Undoubtedly, adjectives and pronouns are also subdivided into them. But the number of groups in the adverb is the most numerous.

• Modus operandi.

This group answers the question "how?" And will tell you how the action took place: fun, hard-boiled, white-hot, in our way. It, like a qualitative adjective, can form degrees of comparison - this is how an adverb differs from other parts of speech.

This category is considered the most numerous and often used in speech.

• A place.

When we answer the questions "where?" Or "where?", Then, as a rule, we use the adverbs of the place: far, below, above, near. Without these words it is difficult to imagine our speech. Quite often we need to indicate the direction or place where something happened. Then without the adverbs of this group can not do.

• Time.

Telling about when this or that event happened, we will use this rank, answering the question "when?". Examples: soon, tomorrow, spring, now.

• Goal.

To explain what an action is being performed for, it is possible, using adverbs of the goal: specifically, why, for spite.

• Cause.

The words of this group will help to explain the reasons for the events that occurred: blindly, by stupidity.

• Degree and measure.

This category gives the emotionality and strength of the sign: much, much, twice.

Features of Adverbs

To distinguish it is not always easy. Often it is confused with other parts of speech. This is due to the presence of homonymous forms in many adverbs. Consider an example:

1) The foreigner spoke ill of our way.

2) In our opinion, it is not difficult to do this.

How to distinguish an adverb from other parts of speech? To begin with, you need to ask the right word. In the first example: "spoke like?", In the second: "which opinion?"

Now, on a specific issue, we can safely say that the adverb is the word "our way". In the second example, this is a pronoun with a preposition.

The next main difference between adverbs is the inability to decline and change. In this they are like gerunds, which also have no endings, but only suffixes.

To distinguish them is not difficult: adverbs do not designate an additional action, as a gerund. They carry the connotation of a sign.

Adverb and Adjective

In order not to confuse these parts of speech, it is necessary to know their distinctive features.

Despite the fact that they have similar meanings (beautiful - beautiful, infinite - infinite, wise - wise), their roles are completely different. The names of adjectives characterize or describe an object, adverbs also perform a similar function, but with respect to action. Therefore, the word "good" can only be used in relation to a thing or a person (a good sofa, a good child). "Well" we will say then, when we describe someone's action (done well, behaved well).

In addition, the difference of adverbs from other parts of speech is that they, like adjectives, can form degrees of comparison. In order not to confuse them, it is necessary to put the desired word in the initial form. For example:

Our car is newer than neighbor's. What kind of car? - new, this is an adjective.

Today I ran faster than yesterday. Running like? - quickly, this is an adverb.

Thus, by asking the right question for the right word, we can easily determine what kind of part of speech it is.

It must be remembered that both the adverb and the adjective used in comparative degree will perform the same syntactic function - the predicate.

Words of the status category

Probably, this is one of the most difficult questions studied in the course of adverbs. This category is composed of words that carry the meaning of the state in themselves. What distinguishes an adverb from other parts of speech, and in particular from SCS, is not difficult to determine.

1. State words usually end with a suffix -O: cold, bad.
2. Unlike adverbs, which are usually circumstances, this group of words will always act as a whole or part of the predicate.
3. SCS always characterizes the inner feeling of a person or the environment.

Again - the presence of homonyms is often confusing. Example:

The girl is not feeling well.

The pupil does not read well.

About the state of a person is said in the first example, because it is about her health. The second example describes only the ability of the student.

Conclusion

Now we can sum up the difference between an adverb and other parts of speech.

• Owning the right information, we will never confuse it with the adjective or gerund.
• The words of the category of state are a special group, which is very similar to an adverb, but carries a different meaning.
• This part of speech has several groups of categories, and, consequently, a huge number of questions.
• In the sentence, the role of the circumstance will most often play, and less often the predicate.
• Correctly given to the word, the question is a guarantee that we correctly determine the part of the speech to which it relates.

We present the main points that reveal the difference between adverbs and other parts of speech. Hopefully, our article will help you cope with the difficult tasks associated with it!