What did Thomas Newcomen invent?

родился в Дартмунде, в 1664 г., 24 февраля. Thomas Newcomen was born in Dartmund, in 1664, on 24 February. . This man died in London, in 1729. From the article we learn what famous Thomas Newcomen .

Biography

Not far from Modbury, where he put his first experience of Severi, was the port town of Dartmund. . In it lived a very good fitter and blacksmith Thomas Newcomen . Orders for his work came from all local residents. He occupied a small smithy on the edge of the town.

не был известным ученым, не издавал научных трудов, не состоял в Королевском клубе Лондона. Thomas Newcomen was not a famous scientist, did not publish scientific papers, was not in the Royal Club of London. This man did not attract much attention. Therefore, information about his life, the family is nowhere to be found. But one day it turned out that Thomas was a great master who created a steam engine.

Background to the Invention

Near Dartmund was located quite a lot of mines. Thomas was engaged in blacksmithing, repairing various devices. It is quite obvious that he dealt with the invention of Severi. Often Thomas was busy with the pumps installed in the mines. They were set in motion with the help of a man's muscular strength. Watching this, the smith decided to improve the mechanism. . So there was the famous machine of Thomas Newcomen . It is worth saying that, of course, he was not a pioneer in this field. дали толчок к развитию промышленности тех лет. However, Thomas Newcomen and his steam engine gave impetus to the development of the industry of those years.

Features of the new mechanism

создавался с учетом наработок других изобретателей. The steam engine of Thomas Newcomen was created taking into account the developments of other inventors. Assistant smith took Cowley (plumber). In his device, Newcomenth used rational ideas and developments made before him. As a basis, the cylinder of Papen was taken. However, the steam in the device providing the lifting of the piston was in a separate boiler, as well as at Severi.

Mechanism of action

The unit worked according to the following scheme. In one boiler there was a constant formation of steam. This tank was equipped with a crane. At some point it opened, and the steam got into the cylinders. Due to this, the piston went up. It, in turn, was connected to the rod from the water pump by means of a chain and a rocker. She moved upwards when the piston moved upwards. The entire cavity of the cylinder was filled with steam. After that, the second tap was manually opened. Through it, cold water came into the cylinder. Accordingly, the vapor condenses, and a vacuum is created inside the vessel. The piston was lowered by atmospheric pressure. At the same time, he pulled a chain of balance behind him. The pump rod moved upwards. Accordingly, the next portion of water was pumped out. Then the cycle was repeated anew.

Complexities of installation

The machine, created by Newcomen, functioned intermittently. Accordingly, it could not become a mechanism that launched industrial equipment requiring continuous movement. However, this was not the aim of the inventor. Newcomen wanted to create such a pump, through which it would be possible to pump water from the mines. This was done by the inventor. The height of the car was approximately equal to a four-five-story house.

In addition, the device was very "gluttonous." Servicing installation carried out by two people. One constantly threw coal into the boiler. The second was responsible for the cranes, which let in cold water and steam. Of course, it was very hard work. The machine Newcomenia had a capacity of 8 liters. from. Due to this, water could be raised from a depth of 80 m. The fuel consumption was 25 kg of coal / hour per 1 liter. from. The first experiments the inventor began in 1705. It took him about ten years to make a properly working device.

Practical use

The machine Newcomenia was widely distributed in ore and coal mines in England, Germany and France. The device was used mainly in the mining industry. It was also used to supply water pipes in large cities. Due to the fact that the car was very cumbersome and consumed a lot of fuel, it found application mainly for highly specialized purposes. The inventor did not manage to make a universal mechanism out of the unit. However, the installation was taken as the basis for Watt, who created a new model of the steam engine.

Interesting fact

The opening of the cranes was often carried out by children. In Cornwall, in the car of Newcomen, worked for Humphrey Potter. The monotonous activity pushed the boy to the idea of forcing the unit to open and close these cranes on its own. He took two pieces of wire and connected the handles to the balance bar. This was done with a certain calculation. The balance during the rotation after the movement of the piston began to close and open the cranes, when it was needed. This innovation was called by the boy's name the mechanism of Potter.

Conclusion

Newcomen did not receive a patent for his invention. The matter is that such a lift was already registered by Severi in 1698. Accordingly, any possibilities of using the unit were already assigned to it. But after a while, Severi and Newcomen began working together on the machine together.