What are the antibiotics for adults and children?

Any adult knows that a banal cold is not an excuse to immediately start taking antibiotics. Such drugs, of course, have an excellent impact on pathogens, and it becomes easier for a person to get on the next day, but they can do a lot of harm. If the disease is at an early stage, it can easily be overcome with abundant drinking, antiviral drugs and bed rest. But in some cases without antibiotics still can not do.

Analgeses will help to make the correct diagnosis

Before the doctor prescribes antibiotic therapy for ARVI treatment, a number of tests will be performed. This is the only way to make sure that complications have not joined the common cold. If a cough is present, sputum culture will be performed. In addition, general blood and urine tests will be administered. To determine whether antibiotics are necessary for ARVI, a smear from the nose and throat will help. If there is a purulent infection, it can be recognized immediately. A serious reason for the appointment of antibiotic therapy is the identification of a stick of Lefler (causative agent of diphtheria).

To more accurately make a diagnosis, a doctor can offer a patient to undergo a survey in a hospital. Here you can conduct all the necessary laboratory tests and observe the patient's condition. A clinical blood test will be performed several times. The doctor should pay attention to whether the ESR increases, whether the total number of leukocytes increases.

Let's pay attention to the state of health

Attachment of bacterial infection can be determined by the general state of the body. As a rule, the body temperature rises sharply. If the cold is complicated by pneumonia, the patient will have shortness of breath and suffer severe attacks of cough. In this case, ARVI is treated with antibiotics without fail.

It is worth paying attention to the color of the discharge from the nose and throat. If the mucus acquires a dark or green hue, it is more likely that complications have occurred. With a bacterial infection of the urogenital system, urine becomes brown, a sediment appears in it, which can easily be seen with the naked eye. In fecal masses, you can notice blood or pus.

It often happens that after the onset of acute respiratory infections passes several days already, and treatment with antiviral drugs does not yield any results. In addition, additional unpleasant symptoms may appear, such as headaches, nausea, sleep disturbances. This may indicate the development of the inflammatory process in the lungs and bronchi. In addition, the tonsils can have a purulent coating, the pain in the throat increases.

In case of complications, the doctor should decide which antibiotic to take in ARVI. The patient's age, history, susceptibility to allergic reactions, localization of complications, etc. take into account. Take antibacterial drugs without agreement with the therapist is not recommended.

When is it possible to do without antibiotics?

Even if the laboratory analysis showed the presence of a bacterial infection, antibiotics for ARVI are not always accepted. Do not prescribe medicines for mucopurulent rhinitis, which lasts less than two weeks. Antibiotic therapy begins only when antiviral treatment does not give a positive result. In addition, antibiotics are not prescribed for tracheitis, viral tonsillitis, nasopharyngitis, laryngitis. Antibacterial agents are also not suitable for the treatment of herpesvirus infection, which can occur during the period of acute respiratory viral infection.

There are also cases when the use of antibiotics is necessary for the first symptoms of a cold. When expressed signs of reduced immunity drugs are used simply for prevention. This is due to the fact that a weakened organism with a high likelihood of joining a bacterial infection. Antibiotics for ARVI for children are prescribed in case of a large lack of weight or in the presence of any physical abnormalities.

Indications for prescribing antibiotics

Antibiotics for ARVI in adults and children are prescribed primarily when the first symptoms of angina or pneumonia appear. A doctor can be prescribed drugs from a group of penicillins or macrolides. With purulent lymphadenitis, antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed . If such complications occur, there is a need for additional consultation of the hematologist and surgeon.

With ARVI, inflammation of the paranasal sinuses can develop. Sinusitis is a serious cause for concern. If the usual runny nose appears mucus discharge and yellow pain and pain in the nose, it makes sense to turn to LOR. An accurate diagnosis will help to place an X-ray study. Antibiotics for ARVI for children and adults in the case of sinusitis develops an otolaryngologist.

In some cases, antibiotic therapy is prescribed for prophylactic purposes. Patients who have recently undergone surgical intervention perform ARVI treatment with antibiotics. In this case, a broad-spectrum preparation can be prescribed. Apply it will have at least five days. Thus, the doctor tries to protect the patient from the development of any complications against the background of a decrease in immunity.

What antibiotics can be prescribed?

Depending on the form of complications, the general condition of the patient and his age, the doctor selects an antibacterial drug. Antibiotics of the penicillin series can be prescribed only to those patients who are not prone to allergic reactions. With angina, such medications as "Ecoclave", "Amoxiclav", "Augmentin" can be prescribed. These are medicines that are commonly called "protected penicillins." They have a milder effect on the human body.

When infections of the respiratory system most often appointed macrolides. "Macropen", "Zetamax" - antibiotics for ARVI in adults, if bronchitis begins. With diseases of the ENT organs, drugs "Sumamed", "Chemomycin", "Azitrox" can be prescribed.

If there is resistance to penicillin group drugs, antibiotics from a number of fluoroquinolones are prescribed. This is "Levofloxacin" or "Moxifloxacin". Fluoroquinolones - prohibited antibiotics for ARVI for children. The skeleton of babies is not yet sufficiently formed, so unpredictable side reactions may occur. In addition, fluoroquinolones are referred to reserve drugs that may be needed by a person in the adult period. The sooner they start taking, the sooner the addiction will develop.

The doctor should choose the best antibiotic for ARVI, based on the characteristics of the patient's body and the form of complications. The specialist should do everything to help the patient to overcome the disease to the maximum, avoiding any side reactions. The problem is complicated by the fact that every year the pathogens become more resistant to antibacterial drugs of a wide spectrum of action.

How correctly to take antibiotics?

Use antibiotics for ARVI is necessary only when it is impossible to do without them. Coryza and cough in mild form is well treated with antiviral drugs. Additional therapy is performed when complications begin, and a bacterial infection joins the symptoms of a cold. If the heat lasts more than three days, there are purulent discharge, the general condition of the patient worsens, and antibiotics are prescribed.

All information on the intake of antibiotics should preferably be recorded in a special notebook. At pathogenic microorganisms immunity to antibacterial preparations can be developed. Therefore, treatment can not start with potent drugs. In the event of complications, the doctor will definitely ask what antibiotics were taken earlier in ARVI. The same drug can not give an equally good result in the treatment of different patients.

To select suitable antibiotics for ARVI, it is worthwhile to conduct bacterial culture. Thus it will be possible to determine the sensitivity of microorganisms to a certain group of antibacterial drugs. The problem can only be that the laboratory analysis can last from two to seven days. During this time, the patient's condition may worsen.

Antibiotics for influenza and ARVI should be taken strictly according to the scheme. It is only one day to forget about the medicine, and again unpleasant symptoms of the disease will appear. Between the reception of tablets must pass a certain period of time. If the drug is taken twice a day, then it should be done strictly after 12 hours.

How many days are antibiotics used?

Regardless of what antibiotic in the ARVI will appoint a doctor, take them at least five days. The very next day after the beginning of antibacterial therapy the patient will feel a significant relief of his condition. But in no case can interrupt the treatment. The duration of taking antibacterial drugs is determined by the therapist.

There are antibiotics of prolonged action, which are prescribed in especially severe cases. The scheme of their reception is divided into several stages. The patient will have to drink pills for three days, then take a break for the same period of time. Reception of antibacterial drugs occurs in three sets.

Reception of probiotics

Any antibiotic is effective not only for pathogens, but also for those that benefit. During the treatment, the natural intestinal microflora is disturbed. Therefore, in addition, it is worth taking medications that can restore the normal state of the body. Good drugs have such drugs as Bifiform, Linex, Narine, Gastrofarm. It should not only take probiotics, but also eat more fermented milk products. Drugs are taken during a break between taking antibiotics.

During the treatment it is necessary to observe a special diet. It is worth eating more vegetables and fruits, to give up fatty and spicy food. Any antibiotic in ARVI in adults and children depress the liver. It is necessary to eat light foods that will not stress the organ. White bread is desirable to replace with black, and dried fruit will be an excellent alternative to sweets.

Antibacterials for adults

Cephalosporins are semisynthetic antibacterials of a wide spectrum of action. There are several generations of these funds. The most popular are "Asperer", "Ceporin", "Cephalexin". They can be prescribed for various diseases of the respiratory system. "Aspetil" is also suitable for children's use, provided that the patient has a weight over 25 kg.

Fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum drugs that are rapidly absorbed into soft tissues. The most popular are "Levofloxacin" and "Moxifloxacin". These antibacterial drugs are contraindicated in children, women during pregnancy and lactation, as well as people suffering from epilepsy. There are also cases of serious allergic reactions to fluoroquinolones. The drugs are applied twice a day for 500 mg.

Macrolides are drugs that have a bacteriological effect. They can be prescribed for such complications of acute respiratory infections as bronchitis, tonsillitis, otitis, maxillary sinusitis, pneumonia. Macrolides include "Azithromycin" and "Erythromycin". It is difficult to answer the question, with ARVI, what is the best antibiotic. After all, the effect of taking macrolides can be seen only after 2-3 days. These drugs are allowed to be taken during pregnancy and lactation. The daily dosage of the drug can not exceed 1.5 g (divided into 5-6 receptions).

Penicillins are antibiotics that affect streptococci and staphylococci. The most common are such drugs as "Amoxiclav", "Amoxicillin". This group of antibacterial drugs is considered the least toxic. Possible use in children's therapy. The effectiveness of the reception can be seen in a few days. The general course of treatment should last at least five days. In the most difficult cases, penicillins take 10-14 days.

What antibiotics are most often prescribed for children in ARVI?

In diseases of the upper respiratory tract, babies older than three months are often prescribed "Augmentin". This drug is offered in pharmacies in the form of a powder. It is made into a suspension and given to the children 3 times a day. In rare cases, there may be an allergic reaction in the form of a rash. A positive result of the treatment can be seen already the day after the start of antibiotic therapy.

With such complications of acute respiratory infections, as otitis, tonsillitis, cystitis, sinusitis, children can be assigned "Zinatsef". The drug is presented as a solution for injection. The dosage is determined by the age and weight of the child. The drug is diluted with water.

"Sumamed Forte" is another popular drug in pediatric therapy. Antibacterial agent has a wide spectrum of action and allows you to overcome the disease in the shortest possible time. The drug Sumamed is contraindicated in children under 6 months of age. The preparation is presented in the form of a powder, which is diluted in a suspension. Dosage is calculated based on the weight of the child (10 mg per 1 kg of body weight). The drug is taken once a day.