What are the alloying metals

Alloying metals are important in modern industry. Let us analyze some of them, highlight their distinctive and similar characteristics.

Examples of alloying metals

Titanium is an element widely distributed in nature. There are about 60 titanium minerals of industrial importance, but ilmenite and rutile are the leaders.

Rutile in its composition has about 60 percent of titanium. The density of the mineral is 4.3, the hardness is 6. It owes its name to the Ilmen Mountains, where it was first discovered. Today, this mineral is represented as the main source of titanium release.

Characteristic of titanium

In the middle of the last century, unique characteristics of this element were discovered. It has a high melting point at low density. All alloying metals, including titanium, have high strength, corrosion resistance. It is the mechanical and chemical characteristics of titanium that made it in demand in the missile, aircraft, aviation industry.

Today, dozens of various brands of strong, heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant titanium alloys with chromium, silicon, aluminum, manganese, copper, iron have been developed.

Material Features

Noting the question of what alloying metals are, we note that these are additives that positively influence the technical and operational characteristics of the alloys produced.

Titanium alloys showed their resistance to sea water, air, aggressive environments. Minimal corrosion made titanium one of the most sought after additives for making alloys.

Distribution in nature

Highly alloying metals in nature are in the form of ores. For example, in iron Malkinsky ores (Northern Caucasus) there is a sufficient amount of titanium. It is also found in the basaltic rocks of Karachai. Perspective consider titanium-magnesite ore in Armenia.

Characteristic of vanadium

Enumerating the alloying metals, it is necessary to name vanadium. In the earth's crust, it is found in rocks, as well as in ores in a diffuse form. For the separation on an industrial scale, minerals such as carnitol, patronite, vanadinite are used. Pure vanadium is gray, has a metallic sheen.

Apply vanadium in the metallurgical industry, with its help produce high-quality steel. The materials obtained with the addition of vanadium have increased mechanical properties.

Such alloying metals are necessary for obtaining materials in metallurgy, automotive industry. Vanadium oxides are used in the chemical industry as a catalyst, they are in demand in photography, painting, dyeing.

What other alloying metals can I use? The list includes tantalum, chromium, niobium, titanium, vanadium. They are needed for the production of corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant alloys used in various fields of technology.

In pure form, vanadium is used in nuclear power engineering for the production of electronic devices.

Characteristics of nickel

When answering the question of which metals are alloying for aluminum alloys, let us single out nickel. This silver-white metal increases mechanical strength and magnetic properties. This is relevant for reactive technology and for the production of gas turbine plants. Chromium-nickel alloys are distinguished by high heat-resistant and heat-resistant characteristics, that is why they are in demand in nuclear reactors, anticorrosion coatings, creation of alkaline batteries.

From alloys with the addition of this metal in the chemical industry, chemical equipment is created, they are used as catalysts.

Nickel ores are found on the territory of Armenia, Georgia, the North Caucasus.

Characteristics of cobalt

In the earth's crust, its content does not exceed 0.004 percent. Of the minerals that are in demand in industry, we note: asbolan, cobaltin, linneite, smaltine.

Cobalt is used for the production of alloys characterized by increased magnetic induction, the creation of heat-resistant and heat-resistant steels. In the ceramic, glass industry of cobalt compounds create a quality mineral pigment of blue color.

A deposit of cobalt in Azerbaijan has been discovered, it is here that it is mined in industrial quantities.

Characteristic of molybdenum

This metal has physical properties that make it similar to lead. For industrial production molybdenite containing about 70 percent of metal is used. In the industry it began to be used in the thirties of the last century to create special alloys. When molybdenum is added, the strength and ductility of the steel is greatly increased.

This is necessary for aviation, engineering. Its hard alloys with chromium, vanadium, nickel, tungsten, are used for the production of acid-resistant and tool steels. In its pure form, molybdenum is necessary for the creation of filaments of incandescent electric plates, as well as in radio and electrical engineering. Its oxide exhibits catalytic properties in the processing of oil, is in demand when creating paints, chemical reagents.

Conclusion

A variety of alloying metals, currently used in the manufacture of steels, allow to give alloys certain characteristics. In accordance with the requirements imposed on the produced steels, it is proposed to use certain metal additives. For example, the addition of tungsten makes it possible to obtain heat-resistant steels, which the space industry needs.