What are simple sentences? Characteristics of simple and complex sentences

What is a simple sentence is known to every schoolboy. But, unfortunately, it is not always easy to distinguish them from other kinds of proposals - complex ones. Let us consider the aspects of this issue in more detail. Let us explain the features and structure of the proposals of both types.

Phrases

It is customary to call a sentence one of the syntactic units of the language. In order to be clearer, let's give an example. In phonetics, a unit will be sound, in vocabulary - a word, in morphology - part of speech, and in the syntax, as a rule, phrases and sentences are selected. It is them that this science is studying.

A phrase is used to refer to two or more words that are not simply combined with each other in meaning, but also have a grammatical link (examples: best friend, come home, run far).

It is customary to distinguish two types of their kind:

• Verbs that consist of a verb and a dependent word (leave the school);
• Nominal, consisting of a noun, an adjective or a numerand and a dependent word (a fashion dress, four friends).

Phrases are part of the proposals, spreading them. It is from their study that they begin the course of syntax in school. And here's what simple sentences are, we'll find out later.

Simple

It is worth remembering that the subject and the predicate can not be called a phrase. Such designs are already considered a simple sentence (Winter has come, Mom left).

Of course, such units are not found often. Usually they are distributed by different secondary members (Good friends will always help us in any trouble). In this sentence, in addition to the grammatical basis, the definitions are also (good, any), circumstances (always), additions (to us, in trouble).

Many students often confuse which sentence is simple. Especially if there are different types of complications:

• Turns: The sun, warming the earth, comes out from behind the clouds (isolated circumstance).
• Plug-in designs: I will definitely try (even at night) to write a term paper.
• Appeals to any person: Maria Ivanovna, go to my office.

At first glance it may seem that the designs in this case are complex. In order not to get confused, what are simple sentences, it is necessary to remember: in their composition there is always only one grammatical basis. No complications can affect this.

In some sentences, either only the subject or only the predicate can be present. Then they are called single-component, but nevertheless also simple.

Complicated

These designs, in contrast to the previous ones, have more than one basis, but several. Depending on how the parts of the complex sentence relate to each other, they are divided into three types.

1. If the two syntactic units are united by writing unions, such sentences are called compound words: Aquarium fish require careful care, but it is not difficult for a knowledgeable person to do this ("but" union).
2. Constructions, when one part depends on another and adjoins it with the help of subordinate unions, are called compound ones: It is necessary to study hard to get a worthy profession ("to" union).
3. In the case where the sentence combines two simple without the aid of any means, it is defined as an all-union one: The long-awaited spring has come, the day has become longer.

All this terminology is quite easily perceived by students. The lesson "Simple and complex sentences" is included in the primary school curriculum. Then, throughout the course of training, this knowledge is consolidated and expanded.

Conclusion

The most important thing that you should understand for yourself in determining the type of sentences is the ability to correctly identify the grammatical basis. Only after that we can judge its type.

We learned what simple sentences are. They have only one actor, and, accordingly, only a single grammatical basis. It is inherently difficult to have several predicates.

Be careful: do not confuse phrases with simple sentences!