To connect two different computers, the information must pass 7 levels of encryption and the same amount of decoding. Consider them all very long, so attention will be paid exclusively to one component - gateways. What they are, with the help of what they function, what kinds are there and much else will be considered within the framework of the article. For the sake of completeness of understanding, the theme of the routes will be slightly touched at the same time. Exclusively to better understand the transfer of data.
Network gateways and routes
Let's say there is one machine that looks for a certain computer on the network. With the help of this small example, we will find out what gateways are. A description mechanism is required, which provides for how such a data transfer will be performed . It's called routing. Specify it using the "destination address" and the "network gateway". And to achieve the required point, a certain tool is used. That's what gateways are and how they work as part of information networks. There can be three types of addresses:
- A separate host.
- A subnet.
- The default route. Used when the first two options can not be applied.
There are also three types of gateways:
- Individual hosts.
- Connections.
- MAC address.
Default routes
Let's take a little distraction from the topic to understand the operation of the gateway. Attention deserves every address. But this is a separate topic, so consider only the basis. When a local system needs to establish a connection to a remote host, it invokes the routing table to determine if it exists. If the target is in a subnet, you can create a connection to it to ensure data transfer. If none of the known routes can be approached, the default is used. This is a specially designed feature that uses a special type of network gateway (the only one present in the system) that is marked with the C flag. A machine is specified that has a direct connection to the global network (providers can act as such objects), with the hope that the end recipient will Same it turns out to be found. This is the principle of data transmission, which allows us to understand what a gateway is in the network, and what importance it has for the exchange of information.
Hosts with dual connections
This is a rather interesting type of data transfer organization, so the emulator will be given little attention as an exception. From a technical point of view, any machine that performs the function of a network gateway can be considered as a host that has a dual connection. In practice, this term can also be used to describe computers located in two different places. So, for the canonical case, it is necessary that the machine has two Ethernet adapters, and each of them had its own address in different subnets. The use of aliases in ifconfig (8) can help to reduce the list of these requirements. Whatever is implemented, the machine in question is defined as a gateway that can be used to enter another subnet. Such an implementation scheme is very useful in cases where a security system is created, filtering packets and performing firewall functions in one or two directions. Complicated? But nevertheless this is the answer to the question "what is the Internet gateway".
Gateway Operation
A network gateway is a common system that allows you to forward packets from one connection to another. To send information, he needs to "know" what and where to forward. With a simple network organization, you can use static routes that each gateway will know and remember. For more complex variants, various commercial products and auxiliary devices (routers, routers, servers) are used. When information comes from one network (computer), it processes the received data, if necessary, it can change the encoding protocol so that the recipient can get acquainted with the received message. When the gateway receives information, it checks to whom it is meant. If the address is correct, the transfer to the corresponding part of the computer occurs and the data is read. In cases where the recipient is someone else, the information goes further. How do I find out the default gateway of my computer? To do this, go to the connection properties, where this parameter is shown.
Conclusion
So we dismantled what are the gateways and why they are needed. Finally, you can say that if you want to work with them yourself from the point of view of program aspects, with proper study of this issue, problems should not arise. They will only be if you get to see what and how is arranged on the hardware component, and if desired, assemble / disassemble. This is not the least because of the complexity of this. Therefore, if you want to configure the operation of the computer it will be enough to work out the questions that relate to the software configuration of these devices. We hope that there are no more questions about what gateways are.