Vocational guidance of high school students: program, topics, activities, questionnaire. Classes for career counseling

Choosing a specialty is considered one of the main tasks that have to be addressed at a young age. Help in career counseling helps determine this.

Statistics

A person who chooses a specialty is called an optant (from the Latin word optacio - "election, desire"). As a result of his actions, a sufficiently clear and realistic idea of the professional community, to which he will carry himself in the future, should be formed. As the results of various studies show, children at a young age, for example, know only 20-25 specialties. In this regard, vocational guidance of adolescents is often characterized by a spontaneous nature. The study of the motivation for choosing one or another specialty showed that an important role in this belongs to others. So, about 25% prefer the profession under the influence of a more independent friend, 17% are guided by the advice of adults, 9% - information from the media. The choice of another 9% is due to various non-essential factors (for example, the remoteness of the university from the house is insignificant). Only 40% of schoolchildren are guided by the content of future work.

Relevance of the problem

Choosing a specialty, a person at a young age usually first of all takes into account his own interests, inclinations. However, at the same time, the correspondence of personal qualities to the requirements of one or another field of activity is not taken into account . In particular, intellectual potential, psychophysiological possibilities, etc. are not taken into account. For many children, the situation in which it is necessary to make such a choice becomes stressful. This is mainly due to the fact that, on the one hand, it is still difficult for a teenager to take responsibility for his actions. On the other hand, he simply does not know how to do it properly, how to make sure that the specialty completely coincides with his goals and interests.

Solution

For the right choice it is necessary to study the most common, popular professions. In addition, you need to familiarize yourself with the requirements that apply to candidates. It is also important to study your own characteristics, the specifics of thinking, character, temperament, and the nervous system. The findings should be compared with the requirements of a particular field of activity. It should be noted that the earlier the work on career guidance is done, the more effective it will be in the end.

What is a specialty?

It is the sphere of application of the spiritual and physical powers of man that is necessary for society (due to the division of labor). It gives an opportunity to receive funds for existence and development. A profession is a group of related specialties. For example, there are turner-bakers, turners-universals, etc. These specialties are united in a group, called "turning profession".

Classification

Today there are a lot of specialties. In order for vocational guidance for schoolchildren to be useful for children, it is necessary to clearly delineate the directions of their possible activities in the future. Classification is carried out according to various criteria. For example, it can be a division by industry, skill level, psychological requirements, etc. You can determine the direction of interests by going through a test for career guidance. At present, a variety of questionnaires have been developed. The career counseling test will help to identify a person's abilities in a particular field, the priority of a specific field of activity. Quite common is the division into types of human interactions with:

1. Nature.
2. Technology.
3. The person.
4. Artistic images.
5. Signs.

In each of these areas there are specific specialties, from which the child can choose the most suitable.

Human and nature

If the questionnaire for career guidance showed the child's commitment to this area of activity, then most likely he has some success in such subjects as biology, anatomy, zoology, botany, physiology. Feature of the category of specialties "man-nature" is that all of them are non-standard, changeable and have a certain complexity. Their transformation is subject to the internal laws of the natural environment. In this regard, the occupation on career guidance in this case should include assignments to identify initiative, independence in solving specific tasks. A specialist in this field should not only know a lot, but also have the ability to foresee those or other changes. Here, among other things, creative skills, responsiveness, caring are important. The specialist should remember that many changes in organisms can become irreversible.

Specificity of activity

The vocational guidance of students to a certain extent should prepare them for possible difficulties in this or that area. For example, when speaking about specialties like "man-nature", it is necessary to say that many of them are related to technology. For example, plant growers, agronomists use a variety of equipment. A sophisticated technique is also present in the work of microbiologists. A similar situation with cattle-breeding specialties. At present, they are increasingly being converted to an industrial basis. As part of the team, they are also engaged in establishing interpersonal relationships. In addition, they often have to delve into the subtleties of accounting, analyze the economic results of their own activities. Some specialties require artistic skills. For example, this is typical for such professions, as florists, landscapers.

An Important Moment

When career counseling activities are conducted, children should see not only the positive, but also the negative aspects of a particular profession. It is necessary that they understand and appreciate their personal, real attitude to future activity. For example, for specialties such as "man-nature" it is important to distinguish between ordinary love of the environment from the desire to make something important, necessary, solve some problem, improve the state of the system. Choosing such a profession, you need to know that for a specialist, nature is not a resting place. She acts as a workshop, where he will give his strength and time.

Technical direction

In it, the work of specialists is related to mechanisms, machines, energy in its various forms. This direction is suitable for children who are successful in physics, mathematics, drawing, chemistry. The technical direction should be considered widely, not to reduce it to one "glands". Specialties can also be associated with non-metallic objects. For example, it can be food raw materials, fabrics, plastic, semi-finished products. The peculiarity of objects of labor is that they can be accurately measured, characterized by many features. Accordingly, when they move, process, change from a specialist will require certainty of action.

Technical features

The vocational guidance of young people should show the potential of a particular field of activity. For example, the technical direction is a huge field for invention and innovation. Therefore, the key condition for success in this area is the availability of a desire for modeling, the ability to disconnect and connect objects and their elements. At the same time, it is possible to invent not only tools and other objects of labor, but also technologies and methods of performing operations. Another important condition for success in this area is the presence of high discipline.

The "man-man"

Specialties in this field are related to upbringing, training, guidance, and maintenance. Such activities are usually chosen by those children who are successful in such subjects as literature, history, social studies, etc. A key feature of this sphere is that the essence of labor in it lies in the interaction between people. Another important feature is that the specialist needs a double preparation:

1. It is necessary to be able to form and maintain relationships with people, understand their psychology, understand them.
2. It is necessary to have training in those or other fields of art, technology, production, science, etc.

Category of specialties "man and sign system"

This field of activity involves the processing of data presented in the form of formulas, figures, texts. Inherent elements of the modern world are the various sign systems. Every day, every day actively used all kinds of drawings, topographic maps, charts, tables, conditional signals, formulas and so on. From specialists engaged in the field of sign systems, special skills and inclinations are required. In the process of work, it is necessary to perform control, accounting, and processing of information. Specialists often need to develop new sign systems.

Man and artistic image

All specialties in this sphere are conditionally divided into several categories. Criteria are the historically isolated types of artistic representation of real events. Thus, the following professions are distinguished:

1. Fine art.
2. Literature.
3. Music.
4. Actor-stage activities.

These categories do not have clear boundaries, they are in one way or another interaction. As one of the specialties of the specialties of this sphere is that most of the labor costs of employees are hidden from outsiders. In many cases, even special measures are taken to create the effect of ease, ease of the result of the activity. For example, the performance of an artist on stage can last several minutes. But that it took place, he every day for several hours perfects his skills, rehearses, observes the regime.

A career guidance program for high school students - what is it?

As it was said above, today there are a lot of manuals and methodological materials for both children and adults. Meanwhile, their study does not always bring the desired result. Many children not only do not form a clear idea of the specialties and possible fields of activity, but, conversely, the problem of choice is only exacerbated. This is why the day of vocational guidance is held in educational institutions. Extra-curricular activities to explain to children the specifics of labor relations in this or that sphere are not sufficiently developed today. Vocational guidance for schoolchildren is a powerful and effective tool that contributes to solving the actual problem for them. Its goal is to help in building the children's sustainable need for self-development and realizing their potential in the labor sphere. One of the key tasks is the creation of the necessary conditions for the independent activity of each child. Vocational guidance for schoolchildren allows children to identify their individual characteristics, propensities, predisposition to any activity.

Key Elements

Career guidance in grade 9 involves a step-by-step introduction to different areas of work. In the form of theoretical knowledge, games, creative exercises, children's self-awareness develops. In the course of interaction with teachers and other specialists, a stable system of values is being formed. Children begin to model their future. These are the main tasks that career counseling performs. 11 class - the period when children come close to the issue of choice. By this time, most of them should already have clear ideas about their future, make up an "ideal image" of the specialist.

Introduction

At the first stage, preparation for acquaintance with the material concerning the labor sphere is carried out. It includes the stages of the formation of professional activity, the methods of choosing a specialty. Children get acquainted with key concepts, definitions, with sources of information about the future labor sphere.

The main stages

Topics on career counseling are not confined solely to the description of those or other specialties. The process includes:

1. Development of concepts and concepts associated with the world of work.
2. Activation of self-improvement and self-knowledge.
3. Formation of skills to determine key qualities for a particular profession.
4. Development of ideas about special education.

Plan

Vocational guidance of high school students suggests that by the end of the year the children will learn the key educational skills. They include, in particular, the ability to cognize oneself, the features of the emotional-volitional sphere, character, temperament. Students make a plan for self-control, development of will, regulation of emotions. This will allow them to form skills to build their lives at their own discretion and desire. At the next stage, career guidance for high school students includes acquaintance with the requirements of certain work activities, qualification characteristics, the availability of which will allow them to master the specialty and achieve certain success in the chosen field of employment. At the third stage, a concrete decision is made, information on ways and possibilities for obtaining the appropriate education is studied.

Content of extracurricular activities

Vocational guidance of high school students includes acquaintance with the psychology of work in this or that sphere. This is due to the physiological and age characteristics of children. In the process of acquaintance with the main areas of activity, learners master the essence of the work in this or that specialty. As a result, children realize that this is the mutual correspondence of a person of his future specialty.

Normative base

Vocational guidance of high school students is carried out according to the plan, developed in accordance with:

1. Regulations on the procedure for state accreditation and certification.
2. FZ "On Education".
3. A model provision for the establishment of additional training.

When developing the plan, the Methodological Recommendations of the Ministry of Education and Science and the Requirements for the design and content of curricula for additional education are taken into account. Education of children.

Sections of the plan

Within the framework of the career counseling program, children are offered to study the following concepts:

1. Needs, motives, goals and meaning of activity.
2. Failure and success in work, assessment, level of achievement.
3. Movement and actions of a person, skills, skills, knowledge.
4. Types of activity, social motives, peculiarities of work.
5. Professions, occupations, their psychological characteristics.

Children are also explained the features of communication in the work activity. In addition, the psychological characteristics of work under extreme conditions are described. In conclusion, it is expected to sum up the results of extracurricular activities, generalize the results, bring them to children, parents and teachers.

Terms of implementation

To conduct classes on career guidance in an educational institution should be allocated a spacious room in which children could receive theoretical knowledge. In addition, a room for creative activity is being arranged. The educational institution should have a library with a reading room, where you can find all the necessary literature on interesting topics, as well as a computer classroom, a room for viewing video. Children are invited to participate on a voluntary basis. As practice shows, there are a lot of people who want to attend vocational guidance classes. Children bring their friends and like-minded people, which promotes free communication, enthusiasm and joint activity.

The plan is designed to consistently pass the stages and obtain the necessary knowledge. This practice allows children to learn socially important aspects. In particular, they receive skills and skills in applied creativity, research work. Children study the features of interpersonal communication in the work collective, the psychological specifics of this or that activity. As a result, high school students expand their horizons in the sphere of occupations, receive information about the educational institutions of their city or district.

Undoubtedly, much will depend on the teacher. Therefore, he must be prepared to perform a variety of tasks, present to himself the relevant clear requirements. Its main task is to attract children, to make them want to understand the world of professions, to reveal their potential, to evaluate it in relation to one or another specialty. Regular extracurricular activities will make it possible to study the labor sphere from various sides. The presence of this knowledge will allow a high school student without any problems to choose the profession in which he can fully realize himself.

Conclusion

Work should bring satisfaction to the person. To do this, it is necessary to cultivate a realistic idea of the level of claims for recognition in society. Simply put, do not expect much praise, than a person deserves according to the actual results of his activities. Often, young professionals receive disproportionate skills and recognition. This can have a very negative impact on their future activities. Thus, a person who has developed an unrealistic idea of claims, dismisses the idea that loud success is absent for reasons hidden in himself. Such a person begins to explain the failures of the actions of others (around everyone interferes, envies, slows down activities, etc.). In order to avoid such situations, in the framework of career counseling programs, children are explained all aspects of one or another of their work activities.

When choosing a specialty, a child should be ready not only for success, but also for the difficulties that he will face. He must have the appropriate skills, skills, knowledge, psychological qualities. When a graduate enters the institute or other specialized institution, he must have a clear idea of his future. Classes on career counseling help to model the events of your life. The most important role in this process belongs to adults. The profession has a significant impact on a person's life outside the work collective. This impact should be positive.