Types of transmissions: description, photo

Modern manufacturers install a wide variety of transmissions on cars, and this is not just about automatic transmission systems. Even structurally simple mechanical boxes are divided into different types and have features. Let's look at the existing types of gearboxes. Photo and not only - later in the article.

Mechanical transmission

Since the invention of the mechanical transmission has passed more than a hundred years. Over all these years, designers and engineers have introduced into the mechanism of the gearbox a lot of changes that have made it possible to bring this mechanism to perfection, and now practically no serious shortcomings remain in the mechanical box. Mechanical transmission is now considered one of the simplest and most convenient, although there are more sophisticated types of gearboxes. But you can call simple and convenient only the box, where the number of steps is not more than 5 - this is the most optimal option. Modern manufacturers make MKPP and with a large number of stages, for example, there are some kinds of mechanical gearboxes with six steps. However, this does not affect the efficiency of modern engines.

Sequential mechanical gearbox

This transmission system according to the device and the principle of operation also applies to mechanical ones. The idea to use such a device on civilian cars came to the head of engineers from motorsport. This solution operates on the basis of a traditional mechanical box, but the drive is controlled by electronic systems. The main feature of these types of gearboxes is that they respect the basic switching principle and consistency. This guarantees comfort and convenience in the process of driving - no matter how far you need to travel. Among the advantages of the sequential transmission, one can distinguish the possibility of choosing the optimum speed modes by means of fast switching, successive switching actions without any harm to the motor at high revs. In addition, the advantage is how the driver manages the switching - the steering wheel has special paddle lobes that allow you to instantly turn on the desired gear at high speed. These gears use gears with straight teeth, but synchronizers, which are in traditional mechanics - are absent. The speed of rotation of the gears is equalized by means of a speed sensor in the control unit. These types of boxes are very fond of racing drivers, because the 80% reduction in the turn-on time of the desired gear. This makes driving comfortable for beginners, for professional drivers.

Robotic gearbox

Robotic systems are types of gearboxes that are neither mechanical nor automatic. The robotized transmission can be compared to sequential transmissions, but electronics are responsible for the switching, and a special electromechanical drive responds to the robotic solutions for changing gears. Rodnikit these boxes with the mechanical that the basis of this design is the traditional MKPP, but each shaft is equipped with its clutch. A feature of the design that these types of gearboxes possess is the ability to calculate the transmission, which at the moment will be the most optimal in a particular mode. About such transmissions it is possible to say that they are related to mechanical boxes. However, this is an intermediate link between the mechanics and automatic transmission both for price and for functionality.

Mechanical transmission structure

There are different types. The transmission of the car can be different in design and structure. All existing boxes in the world can be divided into two and three. In each case, there are advantages and peculiarities.

Two-shaft MKPP

The drive shaft on this transmission system fully guarantees the connection to the clutch. The driven shaft is located in such a way that there is a block with gear wheels on it. Both provide a different angular velocity differential. The switching mechanism can be provided with the help of rods or with the use of special cables. The most simple, effective, and also reliable option is considered to be cables. Some types of gearboxes (VAZ-2107, for example) are equipped with this type of drive. This is also the most common drive. The principle of operation of such a checkpoint is very similar to the algorithm of the three-shaft checkpoint. The main difference between them in some features of the inclusion of gear. When the gear is engaged, the lever is divided in both longitudinal and transverse directions. And the choice of the desired transmission is provided by means of all the elements and their interaction with each other.

Three-Purpose MKPP

The design of the gearbox provides for the presence of a leading and driven shaft. They are equipped with synchronizers and cogwheels, as well as a mechanism for switching gears. With the help of the drive shaft, the mechanism is connected to the clutch. In addition to the drive shaft, there is also an intermediate shaft, which includes gears from the block. The shift mechanism is located in the transmission housing. Its design consists of sliders with forks. In order to exclude the operation of two transmissions simultaneously, remote control mechanisms are used. These boxes do not provide for the transfer of torque to the front wheels. When the driver moves the shift lever, the clutches move. By means of it the speeds are synchronized.

Types of automatic transmissions

Residents of megacities choose an automaton. The most important argument for automatic transmission is convenience. And yes, in fact, with the automatic transmission control process in traffic jams is greatly simplified. But what is hidden under the familiar "automaton" for every car enthusiast? Let's see what types of gearboxes are offered by modern manufacturers.

Hydrotransformator automatic transmission

This is a classic among automatic transmissions. The mechanism is a mechanical reducer and a torque converter. The process of transferring the torque from the engine to the first is carried out using the second. The hydraulic torque converter is a pump wheel, which is also driven by a motor. The wheel provides the transmission of torque to the oil, and it forces the element to rotate the primary shaft of the gearbox. With all the advantages, the torque converter has a very low efficiency. But this outweighs the simplicity of control, the smooth change of torque, as well as a significant reduction in loads on the transmission parts.

Tiptronic

This is a hydromechanical box with the possibility of manual control. For the first time, these systems were installed in the 90's for Porsche cars, and later they became interested in BMW, Audi, as well as other automakers. An interesting fact - the manufacturer is confident that this is not one of the types of automatic transmission, but only the type of switching. In the ordinary mode, this automatic transmission works in the same way as a traditional automatic transmission. However, the driver has the opportunity at any time to operate the car manually - it is very convenient in some cases. For example, using the tiptronic, you can apply engine braking. Among the advantages of these solutions are fuel consumption, which is lower than the traditional hydrotransformer. The downside is that the tiptronic has large overall dimensions, and the switching speed is slow.

Multitronic

This system was developed by engineers from Audi. The peculiarity of the design is that there are no steps in this checkpoint. But at the same time the driver has the ability to manually switch gears. The principle of this system is based on V-belt transmission. As the main node, a variator is used here, which changes the torque. However, you can not compare the multitron with modern CVT variators - its design differs from a continuously variable variator in the direction of complication and instead of a belt special circuits are used here. Among the advantages can be distinguished smooth acceleration, good dynamic characteristics and low fuel consumption. Indicators for dynamic performance are not inferior to cars with manual transmission. Minus - high prices, difficulties in repair and maintenance, a small resource.

Continuously variable CVT, or CVT

In appearance, these transmission systems are not much different from the traditional automatic transmission, but the principle of operation here is completely different. There really is not any gear here, and there's nothing to switch. The gear ratios, and accordingly the torque, change constantly regardless of whether the car accelerates or slows down.

Summary

The modern automobile industry does not stand still. Something new and more effective is constantly being created. There are other types of gearboxes - unfortunately, it's simply impossible to tell about everything in the world.