Tikhonov Nikolai Semenovich: biography, photo

Tikhonov Nikolai Semenovich, whose biography is connected with Soviet poetry, gave his whole life to the ministry not only to the Museum, but also to his state. Critics-literary scholars for some reason refer it to the "second echelon" of domestic lyric poetry, while the poet has his own voice, many creative successes and merits.

Childhood and family

November 22, 1896 in St. Petersburg was born Nikolai Tikhonov, a brief biography of which is described in one word: "Poet", and it is with a capital letter. His origin did not foreshadow the choice of such a path in the future. He appeared in a very simple and poor family. His father was a simple hairdresser, and his mother was a dressmaker. The income of the family was more than modest, the money was barely enough for necessary needs. They lived in a famous house on Morskaya Street, in which Pushkin and Herzen used to be. But in Tikhonov's time it was a home for the poor: small dark rooms, kerosene lighting, poor conditions. The atmosphere in which the future poet grew, had no way to form a love of art. Parents literally collected pennies to give children at least a minimal education.

Study

Tikhonov Nicholas almost independently learned to read and write in seven years. Then the parents found an opportunity and sent the boy to study at the city school on Pochtamtskaya Street. He was very fond of reading, especially history and geography. Then he was able to continue his education at the Trade School, but at the age of 15 he had to leave it, as the family was in dire need of help, and he had to go to work. It was never to return to school any more. In fact, Tikhonov was self-taught, he drew knowledge from books, it was fascinating works about distant countries and adventures that pushed him to the beginning of literary activity.

The beginning of the way

After school, Nikolai went to work as a scribe in the Maritime Administration. At the age of 19 he went to military service, for three years he served in the hussar regiment, the poet participates in the battles of the First World War. In 1918, after the October Revolution, Tikhonov joined the ranks of the Red Army, defending the rights of the new Soviet state for three years.

His debut poem, Nikolai Tikhonov wrote very early, at the age of 18 he composed the first works. His first publication appeared when he was 22 years old. In 1922, Nikolai demobilized from the army and took a fateful decision to become a writer. At this time he joins the avant-garde literary trend, becomes a member of the association "Serapion Brothers" together with such authors as V. Kaverin, M. Zoshchenko, K. Fedin, M. Slonimsky. During the period of formation, Tikhonov experiences a strong influence of acmeism and N. Gumilev.

Years of success

In the early 1920s, Nikolai Tikhonov, whose photo often flickers in Soviet newspapers, is included in a galaxy of talented and very popular poets. He publishes the poem Sami, the collections of the Horde and Braga. His "Ballad of Nails" literally understands slogans and quotes. Since the late 20-ies Tikhonov travels a lot, he visited the Caucasus, Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan. He became friends with many poets of the fraternal republics and during this period makes many translations of Georgian, Dagestan, Belarusian, Uzbek, Ukrainian lyrics. In 1935 he was sent to France for the Congress "In defense of peace." Since the poet actively supports the line of the party and government, he manages to publish a lot, travel, and speak to the public. In 1939, Tikhonov re-enlisted in the army, he participates in the Russo-Finnish war as a war correspondent and editor of the newspaper "On Guard of the Motherland." During the Second World War, he works in the Political Department of the Leningrad Front. At this time he wrote a lot of prose and poetry, as well as journalism.

The post-war period

At the end of the war, Nikolai Tikhonov, a poet with a vivid civil position, gives more and more strength to social work. Since 1949, he headed the Soviet Peace Committee, and then the World Peace Council. At this time he makes many foreign trips to the countries of Europe and China. Since 1944 he works as chairman of the Writers' Union of the USSR, then he is in the highest ranks of the leadership of this trade union. Since 1946 for many years he was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the Moscow City Council. Writes in this period Tikhonov is much less, much time is wasted struggle with opponents of the party line. In 1947, he actively joins the fight against cosmopolitanism, criticizing the book "Pushkin and World Literature." Gradually, enthusiasm for meetings, congresses and speeches takes all his time, obsolete the poet in him.

Poetic heritage

Tikhonov Nikolai Semenovich, whose biography is closely connected with the Soviet authorities, left a not very rich, but interesting poetic heritage. In his luggage there are more than 10 poems, the most famous of which are Sami and Vera. He created 10 author's collections of poems. The most notable became the "Twelve Ballads", "Braga" and "The Shadow of a Friend." The works of the last decades were too colored with ideology, which greatly reduced their penetration and artistic value. His poetry has always been characterized by patriotism, the civil pathos in them was expressed vividly and effectively. In the postwar years, he chooses the main theme of his work - this is the life and emotions of a common man. A soldier, the son of a fisherman, a peasant poet tries to tell about their feelings, love for the Motherland, awareness of their involvement in the formation of a great state of people's power and justice.

Prose of N. Tikhonov

In addition to poetry, Tikhonov Nikolai wrote a lot of prose, and some stories and essays outperform his lyrics in the power of talent. His prose is a definite return to childhood dreams and impressions. So, the story "Vamberi" tells about the adventures of the orientalist and traveler. Some of his stories and novels remind R. Kipling. Tikhonov seeks to talk about other countries, the fight for justice, so his works have such a great educational power and are often read in schools. During his life, seven collections of short stories and novels were published, the most notable were "The Oath in the Fog", "Leningrad Stories", "The Double Rainbow." In the last decade, Tikhonov wrote memoirs, they appear in the book "Writer and Epoch" in 1972. Of great interest is his journalistic heritage. Works of the military period, travel essays in the collection "Nomads" tell about the heroism of ordinary people, about overcoming themselves in the name of the idea.

Awards and achievements

Tikhonov Nikolai was repeatedly noted by the government of the USSR for his patriotic activities. He is the only person who, except LI. Brezhnev, was awarded the Lenin Prize and the International Lenin Prize "For the Strengthening of Peace among Nations". In 1966 he was the first writer to receive the honorary title of Hero of Socialist Labor. He was awarded three times Stalin's prizes, was awarded three times with the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner, the October Revolution, the Patriotic War, the Red Banner of Labor. Also Nikolai Semenovich was a laureate of many awards, including international ones, twice received State Prizes.

Public position

Nikolai Semenovich Tikhonov all his life was an active defender of Soviet power. He advocated her ideals in her lyrics, as well as with various public stands. He supported the party line in the fight against cosmopolitanism, but did not support the accusations against Akhmatova and Zoshchenko and paid for it by the post of chairman of the Writers' Union. But in 1973 he, among other writers, signed a letter that supports accusations against A. Sakharov and A. Solzhenitsyn in anti-Soviet actions.

Personal life

Nikolay Tikhonov, whose biography knew creative ups and downs, lived a completely prosperous life, having managed to get around many troubles that trapped other poets on their way to literature. He managed to go through four wars, but did not even get seriously injured. He was friends with many contemporary writers, even after his disgrace, M. Zoshchenko could always come to his house and find friendly participation there. Maria Konstantinovna Neslukhovskaya became a true companion of the poet. She was an artist, worked for many years in the puppet theater. His wife had a strong influence on the development of Tikhonov, in fact, she was engaged in his development and education, which he could not get. The couple lived together for more than 50 years. Children of the couple were not. In 1975, Maria Konstantinovna passed away, and four years later Nikolai Semenovich also left. The poet is buried in the cemetery in Peredelkino. In his honor the street in Makhachkala is named.