Theory of violence origin of the state

One of the main theories of the origin of the state is the theory of violence. It is relatively new, as it was developed in the 19-20 centuries. Its representatives believe that the law and the state arose as a result of violence (external or internal). Wars between primitive tribes made the victors the ruling class, which created the state and used it to consolidate its power over the defeated.

The theory of violence (internal) was developed by the German economist and philosopher Eugene Dühring, who believed that the state was formed as a result of the internal violence of one group of people over another. As a result of the enslavement of the weaker by the stronger, division into classes takes place, private property arises and the state arises.

The Polish-Austrian sociologist L. Gumplovich believed that the state and law arose as a consequence of external violence as a result of a clash of two primary social groups. The tribe of the vanquished becomes slaves, and the tribe of the victors is the ruling class. To manage slaves there is a need to change the nomadic way of life to a settled one. As a result, agriculture is developing.

For domination, the winners create an apparatus for organizing and maintaining order. The theory of violence (external) implies that slavery can not arise in one tribe, since its members belong to one social group and therefore it is possible only as a result of inter-tribal enmity. Slavery is seen as a necessary element of the state's formation, which has had a significant impact on the development of economic relations in society. The right is created by the winners to maintain inequality, and therefore L. Gumplowicz negatively concerns the theory of the "rule of law". In the process of evolution, the tribal consciousness becomes class. The institution of private property is developing, the stratification of society is taking place.

The theory of violence origin of the state and law was also developed by Karl Kautsky, who believed that the main factor in their emergence was only wars (external violence). The victorious tribe appropriates the land of the vanquished, subordinates it to itself and forces it to work, and also to pay tribute.

The defeated became, as a rule, sedentary farmers, and nomadic cattle-breeders acted as winners. Subsequently, there is a division into classes, a compulsory apparatus is created, which turns into a state. Kautsky denies the possibility of the emergence of a state as a result of internal influence, believing that it is created from several communities, one of which is the ruling class of the exploiters, and the rest - the oppressed class. Subsequently, the state is transformed into a body that protects not only the strong, but also the weak, which is aimed at ensuring universal harmony.

The theory of violence origin of the state has its pros and cons. It really has a right to exist, since violence did take place when a number of states arise. Even now, many conflicts are occurring because of the division of spheres of economic influence, and the victorious state expands its holdings at the expense of a weaker rival. At the same time, socio-economic factors are not fully taken into account. For the emergence of the state, a certain level of economic development of society is necessary to maintain the state apparatus. The theory of violence completely rejects other theories, indicating that it is the only source of education for law and the state, and only wars have contributed to progress.