Science is fundamental - what is it? Applied research in science

Fundamental applied research in science is becoming increasingly important every year. In connection with this, the question of determining the place of applied research and fundamental sciences is topical.

The role of applied and fundamental research in science is evident not only in the theoretical, but also in the social and economic terms.

Pages of History

As the scientific and technological revolution takes place, the share of engineering developments and applied research is increasing. But since fundamental science is the aggregate of several branches of knowledge, without substantial and systematic research it is difficult to talk about exploratory studies of the fundamental plan.

Only in the case of the correct correlation of developments and applications for applied sciences can we talk about the development of this direction. The Academy of Fundamental Sciences systemizes individual developments and research, is responsible for organizing the normal operation of all applied industries.

Problems

Since the science of fundamental is a set of diverse types of research, there are problems associated with the selection of research methodology. For example, it is difficult to identify fundamental, search directions that are not related to modern practice, but are able to positively influence the restructuring in the field of technological production. For example, physics is a fundamental science, on the basis of which innovative mechanisms and production are developed.

Factors influencing the conduct of research

What is the role of applied and fundamental research in modern society? This issue is being studied by sociologists over a long time period. It was possible to establish a relationship between the directions chosen for carrying out scientific work and external economic, social, cultural features.

Even in the case of a skillful strategy of the leader of the experiment, with full planning, research forecasting, there often appears a lot of problems that impede the results. Since science is fundamental - a systematic approach to carrying out a variety of experiments and studies, any delay often leads to the need for a series of repeated experiments.

With one-sided stimulation of applied branches of science or when carrying out only theoretical studies it is difficult to count on a positive result, the creation of materials that promote the development of science. In this case, the role of fundamental science for a social society will be minimal, no progress is made about speech.

At present, in the domestic fundamental and applied science, positive trends have emerged for transformation and development. On the part of the state authorities, certain measures are being taken to strengthen the importance of applied research.

The difference between applied and fundamental research

Science is fundamental - these are the studies that are aimed at analyzing new phenomena, processes, effects, the discovery of laws that would explain the processes, manage them.

In carrying out applied research, fundamental research is used in the interests of the social community. Representatives of the fundamental school often do not think about the benefits that open laws and phenomena will bring to practical activity. For example, chemistry is a fundamental science of nature that characterizes the interaction of chemicals, analyzes the mechanisms of the course of transformations.

In order to use this knowledge, this science has many applied directions. They are responsible for the practical implementation of open fundamental rules and laws, principles and results, reading the economic profit that is possible.

Interrelation of applied and fundamental research

For a long time, fundamental and applied research was opposed to each other, which resulted in a huge gap between science and practice that negatively affected the country's economic development. A pragmatic and utilitarian approach to scientific research, involving a focus on instant practical results, as well as an option involving the acquisition of pure knowledge, is irrelevant and unacceptable for the full existence and development of science.

Ideal is the situation in which fundamental knowledge is supplemented and confirmed by applied research and experiments.

Fundamental laws of the objective world are the basis for use in practical activities, they form the basis for scientific and technological progress. Studies in a variety of applied fields allow us to raise fundamental problems, make important fundamental discoveries on the basis of research. It is more correct to talk about the applied and fundamental character within the framework of one scientific discipline.

Why is biology a fundamental science? This question is of particular importance in view of the directions analyzed in this science. Having an idea of the peculiarities of the structure and functioning of living organisms, one can identify problems and seek ways to eliminate them. Thanks to the existence of fundamental biology, the pharmaceutical and chemical industries are developing, innovations in medicine are being implemented .

Depending on the specific nature of science, between its theoretical and practical results, there is a different connection with social life, real production. The subdivision of conducted research into applied and fundamental research was caused by the increase in the scope of scientific work, as well as by the increased use of its results in practice.

Significance of scientific research

Science as a specific form of social institution and consciousness appears and is formed as a kind of knowledge of the laws of the natural world, contributes to the purposeful mastery of them, the subordination of natural elements for the benefit of mankind. Certainly, even before the discovery of various laws, people used the forces of nature.

But the scale of such interaction was very limited, mainly they were reduced to observations, generalizations, the transfer of recipes and traditions from generation to generation. After the emergence of the sciences of nature (geography, biology, chemistry, physics), practical activity took a rational path of development. For practical implementation, they began to use not objective empirical laws, but objective laws of living nature.

Separation of theory from practice

Immediately after the emergence of fundamental science, action and cognition, practice and theory began to complement each other, together to solve certain tasks that significantly increase the level of social development.

In the process of scientific progress, inevitable specialization and division of labor in the field of research activity. Even in the theoretical sphere, the experiments are separated from the fundamental base.

Industrial importance

The experimental base in chemistry, physics, and biology is currently connected with industrial production. For example, modern installations for the implementation of thermonuclear transformations are presented in full accordance with the factory reactors. The main goal of the applied industry is now to check certain hypotheses and theories, to search for rational ways of introducing results into a particular production.

Space research

After the separation of applied and theoretical activities in science, new types of applied disciplines appeared: technical physics, applied chemistry. Among the interesting areas of technical knowledge, radio engineering, nuclear power, and the space industry are of particular importance.

Many of the results of basic technical disciplines, for example, resistance of materials, applied mechanics, radio electronics, electrical engineering do not directly apply in practice, but they are based on a variety of industrial production, without which it is impossible to create any modern electronic gadget.

At the present time, no one regards technical disciplines as separate areas, they are introduced practically into all branches of science and production.

New trends

To solve complex and complex technical problems, new tasks and goals are set before applied directions, separate laboratories are created, in which not only fundamental but also applied research is carried out.

For example, cybernetics, as well as related disciplines, facilitate the modeling of processes occurring in nature, living organisms, help to study the features of the processes that occur, and to seek ways to solve the problems that are identified.

This is a confirmation of the relationship between applied and fundamental scientific research.

Conclusion

Not only sociologists, based on the results of ongoing research, talk about the need to find a close relationship between applied experiments and scientific fundamental laws. Scientists themselves understand the urgency of the problem, they are looking for ways out of the current situation. Academician PL Kapitsa repeatedly recognized the artificiality of the subdivision of science into the applied and basic parts. He always stressed the difficulty of finding that fine line that would become the boundary between practice theory.

A. Yu. Ishlinsky said that it is "abstract sciences" that can make the maximum contribution to the formation of society, its development and formation.

But at the same time there is an inverse connection, presupposing the application of practical research results to explain scientific facts and the laws of nature.

All experiments of an applied nature, which are not fundamentally fundamental in nature, are aimed specifically at obtaining a concrete result, that is, they presuppose the introduction of the results obtained into real production. That is why the relevance of the search for the relationship between the scientific and practical spheres is high in the work in research centers and specialized laboratories.