The world of Renaissance artistic culture: principles and ideals

Revival (or Renaissance) - a particularly important stage in the development of world art culture. The cradle of the Renaissance was Rome, Florence, Naples and Venice. It was a mysterious and ambiguous time, when savagery, cruelty and ignorance were combined with almost heroic manifestations of humanism.

Features of the era

For this time, first of all was characteristic of the understanding of the need to update a person, his thoughts, way of life and consciousness. This update began with a new spatial-temporal orientation. Space became the sphere of self-affirmation of man in the world. There was an awareness that the expression of the structure of space and time is a form by which a person sought to master the world of phenomena.

The world of artistic culture of the Renaissance (grade 7): table.

Perspective

In the Renaissance, the mathematical concept of "perspective" developed in art. Many outstanding artists of the Renaissance were engaged in the theory of perspective. The prospect has become a tangible step in the rapprochement of man and the world.

In the Middle Ages, the term "perspective" denoted the mathematical theory of vision. Euclid also depicted the geometric perception of surrounding objects. The rays coming from the eye to the object, he presented in the form of a pyramid, the top of which is in the eye, and the base on the surface of the object. Later, Brunelleschi set the plane of the picture in the path of the rays, obtaining a perspective image of the object. This discovery enabled the Renaissance artists to realize the so-called breakthrough of the plane and to conquer an illusory space that moved apart and went beyond the plane.

Renaissance artists defined the perspective as things visible from a distance, presented in certain and given limits proportionally depending on distances and sizes.

Leonardo da Vinci has established a perspective structure:

1. The first perspective contains the outlines of objects.
2. The second one speaks about the decrease and weakening of color at different distances.
3. The third shows a loss of distinctness.

Thus, Renaissance artists calculated the depth of space and created the effect of presence.

The nature and world of the artistic culture of the Renaissance

In the Italian culture of the Renaissance, the landscape from the neutral background turned into an active space. Masters in the transmission of light and the color wealth of the surrounding world were:

• Lorenzo Lotto;
• Benozzo Gozzoli;
• Sandro Botticelli;
• Francesco Cossa;
• Carpaccio;
• Pietro Perugino;
• Leonardo da Vinci;
• Michelangelo;
• Raphael;
• Correggio;
• Titian;
• Giovanni Bellini.

Renaissance music

Music is the most powerful branch of Renaissance culture: it has guided listeners to the eternal, disregarding the transitory. The peculiarities of the musical school of the era were simplicity, clarity, ease of texture, harmonious elegance.

The greatest musicians of the Renaissance were:

• Giovanni Palestrina;
• Andrian Vilaert;
• Josquin Despres;
• Andrea Gabrieli;
• Giovanni Gabrieli.

Architecture

The main task, set by the bright minds of the Renaissance, was the creation of the beautiful. Since the architecture is designed to organize space for utilitarian and aesthetic purposes, the Renaissance architects paid much attention to the laws of proportionality, but, unlike the ancient masters, they created their creations for people and also thought about their convenience.

Literature

The literature of the Renaissance, like works of art, was saturated with love. One of the characteristic features of it was the contradiction between individualism and self-giving, the dissolution of the lover in the beloved was seen as a complete loss of freedom. And freedom is life, therefore a loving person, having lost freedom, perishes. The Renaissance literature is saturated with suffering, but also with the assertion that only love makes a person beautiful and pure.

Northern Renaissance

A special place in the world culture of the epoch is occupied by the Northern Renaissance. The main ideals of the artistic culture of the Northern Renaissance :

• The prevalence of pantheistic views of the world;
• attention to detail;
• Demonstration of imperfection of the world and omnipresence of universal evil;
• Stress on suffering;
• Poeticization of the average person;
• The unity of the tragic and the comic;
• Respectful attitude and spiritualization of things;
• The Protestant position of everyday life;
• Refusal of a closed composition;
• Semantic saturation;
• Strong symbolism.

Bright representatives of the Northern Renaissance were:

• Francis Bacon;
• Montaigne;
• Bosch;
• Francois Rabelais;
• Shakespeare;
• Miguel Cervantes.

What is the main point?

If we represent the world of Renaissance art culture in short, we can say that in the Renaissance people's perceptions of space and time are changing. The spiritual and the earth are differentiated. The most important moral values are love and dignity.

In the period of the High Renaissance artistic expression receives the ideal model of the world and man in the works of Raphael, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci:

• Da Vinci's works were aimed at a person living in a natural continuum.
• Michelangelo was concerned with the history of the soul, culture, ideas.
• Rafael tried to achieve a moral and aesthetic ideal.

In the Italian Renaissance nature was not only the habitat, but also one of the sources of pleasure.

According to the concept of the Renaissance, the dominant role of man required his activity: he sought to achieve harmony in the world and in himself.

Along with the Italian, there was the Northern and Spanish Renaissance.

The world of Renaissance artistic culture: table

We offer you to fulfill the task yourself. Theme: "The world of Renaissance artistic culture (Grade 7): The table on this topic is below.

Having filled the table, you will once again make sure that mankind still enjoys inventions and achievements of the great masters of the Renaissance to this day.