Matter in Philosophy

The concept of matter in philosophy began to evolve in antiquity. Even the ancient Greek philosopher Democritus observed that, with the help of information on the origin of one substance, it is absolutely impossible to explain the origin of the other.

Matter in Philosophy

Human knowledge eventually improved, ideas about the structure of bodies improved. Scientists have found that the bodies consist of atoms, which are something like very small "bricks". The discrete map of the world existed until about the end of the nineteenth century - then existence was represented as a specific interaction of discrete (tiny) particles of matter.

A little later, completely new information about atoms was discovered. What is important is that they are not simple particles (an electron was discovered), but they are very complex in their structure. Also note that new information appeared, which made it possible to consider the concept of the field differently. Recall that initially the field was perceived as a space surrounding an object. This did not contradict the knowledge that matter is a substance, since the field was perceived as something like an attribute of matter.

Later it was proved that this field is not only an attribute of an object, but also an independent reality. Together with the substance, the field becomes a special kind of matter. In this form, continuity, not discreteness, becomes the main property.

Characteristic features of matter:

- self-organization;

- the presence of movement;

- Ability to repel;

- placement in time and space.

The elements of the structure of matter are traditionally:

- wildlife;

- society;

- wildlife.

Any matter shows the ability to self-organization - that is, it is capable of reproducing itself without the involvement of any external forces. Fluctuations are random deviations and fluctuations that are inherent in matter. This term is used to describe its internal changes. As a result of this kind of change, matter eventually passes into a different, completely new state. Having changed, it can perish completely or gain a foothold and continue to exist further.

Western society, for the most part, tends to idealism. This can be explained by the fact that materialism is traditionally associated with a material-mechanical understanding of matter. This problem is solvable due to dialectical materialism, the concept of which considers matter in the light of knowledge of natural science, gives it a definition, eliminates the necessary connection with matter.

Matter in philosophy is something that exists in the diversity of specific systems, as well as formations, the number of which is no limit. Specific forms of matter do not contain a primary, unchanging and structureless substance. All material objects have a systemic organization, as well as internal orderliness. First of all orderliness is manifested in the interaction of elements of matter, as well as in the patterns of their movement. Thanks to this, all these elements form systems.

Space and time are universal forms of being of matter. Its universal properties are manifested in the laws of its existence.

The Problem of Matter in Philosophy

Lenin gave a definition of matter, proceeding from its relationship with consciousness. He perceived matter as a category that exists in relationships, senses the sensations, but with all this there is completely independent of them.

Matter in philosophy is rather unusually considered in dialectical materialism. In this case, the concept of it is not strongly associated with questions about its structure and structure.

In dialectical materialism, there are two judgments that will outline the basic concepts of the matter of philosophy:

- not all manifestations of matter are given in sensations;

- matter can be determined through consciousness, and the decisive role in this relationship will be played by consciousness.

In defense of dialectical materialism:

- in sensations matter is given not only directly, but also indirectly. Man can not perceive it completely, because he is limited in his sensitive ability;

- matter in philosophy is infinite and is self-sufficient. Because of this, she does not need self-consciousness.

The concept of matter as an objective reality in dialectical materialism is characterized by its only substance, which has many properties, its laws of structure, development, movement, and functioning.