The reign of Vladimir Monomakh. Results of Vladimir Monomakh's reign

The rule of Vladimir Monomakh falls on 1112-1125. At Kiev prince he sat down, being a 60-year-old man, educated and wise. Perhaps, therefore, the years of his reign are considered the best for the Old Russian state.

One of the Rurik

The grandson of Yaroslav the Wise, the beloved son of the Grand Prince of Kiev Vsevolod and the Byzantine princess Anna (daughter of the Constantinople emperor Constantine Monomakh) was born in 1053. After maturity he was the father's support in everything. Naturally, Vsevolod bequeathed the throne of Kiev to him. But hating internecine strife, Vladimir abandoned the Grand Duchy in favor of his cousin Svyatopolk II Izyaslavich, since Monomakh's father Vsevolod took the throne of Kiev after the expulsion of his brother Izyaslav. Kievans did not really like Svyatopolk and his entourage, primarily for his friendship with the Polovtsians and for the fact that with him usury has reached unprecedented proportions.

Wise and popular

Immediately after the death of the Prince of Kiev, Monomakh was sent an invitation to the Grand Duchy, but he did not rush to the capital, because he did not want to violate the succession of the throne, since he believed that Svyatopolk should be ruled by Oleg Seversky, or David Chernigovsky, or Yaroslav Muromsky - all Descendants of Svyatoslav. His slowness was taken advantage of by the Kievites, suffering from the overwhelming oppression of Jewish usurers, and an uprising broke out in the city, accompanied by pogroms. Again the messenger was sent to Monomakh. This time he did not hesitate. In Vladimir (his church name was Vasily) and before the Kiev throne, the glory of the peacekeeper, the victor of the Polovtsians (he concluded 19 peace treaties with them) and the unifier of the lands of Russians (his sons sat in the big cities of Novgorod, Smolensk and Rostov, and Rostislav Reigned in Pereyaslavl).

Brilliant start

The rule of Vladimir Monomakh in any city - Smolensk 1073-1078, Chernigov 1078-1094, Pereyaslavl 1094-1113 - was wise and successful. The rebellious Kievites demanded only Vladimir to reign, upon whose arrival the insurrection subsided. But Monomakh dealt with its reasons, in order to avoid unrest in the future, and significantly cut down the rates of moneylenders (no more than 20% per annum), thus facilitating the life of the lower classes. "The Charter of Rez" was adopted after a heavy agreement with representatives of the elite. After they managed to explain that usury ultimately harms not only Rus, but also him, a decision was made to expel all Jewish usurers outside the country. It was agreed that all the acquired property "financiers" can take with them, but they should never return to Russia. Naturally, many of the Jews adopted Orthodoxy.

The second prototype of Vladimir Krasna Solnyshka

The years of the reign of Prince Vladimir Monomakh became the last rise of Kievan Rus. A successful military leader, a good politician, an educated man and a talented writer who left literary works behind him, he provided Russ with years of quiet life - the Pechenegs were expelled, the Polovtsians were afraid to plunder the Russian lands, because in campaigns against them the prince relied on the people's militia, and not on Mercenaries. He was very popular among the people, his features complemented the image of the epic Vladimir Krasny Solnyshka (the first prototype was his grandfather Vladimir, the Baptizer of Rus). The feats of Ilya Muromets fall on the reign of Vladimir Monomakh

Great foreign policy victory

The foreign policy of this Grand Duke reached its peak with the son of the deceased Byzantine emperor Alexis I John II, who prevented the march of a large Russian army to Constantinople. Wishing peace with Kievan Rus, the Greeks voluntarily went on huge concessions - Monomakh was awarded the title of king, in importance equal to the basileus of Byzantium. He was presented with royal clothes, a scepter, a power and a crown, the famous and legendary "cap of Monomakh". The union was fixed by a dynastic marriage - the son of John, heir Alexei, married the granddaughter of the Kiev prince. Thus, the rule of Vladimir Monomakh was marked by the establishment of a strong alliance with Byzantium.

Flexible policies

True, a warning march to Constantinople provided for the seizure along the route of the Danube land, but Monomakh always could forgo something for the sake of peace. Therefore, these lands remained for Byzantium. After the struggle with the Minsk prince Gleb and his captivity, these lands became friendly to Kiev, where his supreme authority was recognized. Undoubted advantages include the fact that during the reign of Vladimir Monomakh three quarters of all Russian lands were concentrated in his hands. With all the neighbors, where the contractual way, and where - the military, were concluded world. Thus, a revolt was suppressed in Volhynia, where the son of Svyatopolk, the son-in-law Vladimir, Yaroslav, reigned. He turned his yard into a hostile lair to Kiev. Here fled both Jewish usurers, and all sorts of eternal enemies of Russia. A large army of Czechs, Hungarians, Poles went to Kiev. Mstislav Vladimirovich went to meet him. Yaroslav himself was already killed by Russian soldiers during the siege of Volhynia. To render assistance to the deceased was illogical, the enemy army retreated.

The growth of the power of Russia

Neither the Volga Bulgars, whose fleet was defeated by Russian soldiers, nor the inhabitants of the Baltic States and Finland, who regularly paid tribute, did not raid the Russian lands in the reign of Vladimir Monomakh. All this provided an opportunity to improve the state. The churches were built, trade was expanded, coins were minted, books were translated from the Byzantine language, schools began to open, in which the children of the best families were given instruction. Being an educated person and gifted writer, Vladimir left his descendants with his works - "Instruction" and "Walking". In addition, Nestor, a monk of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, created the "Tale of Bygone Years" (1117). The board of Vladimir Monomakh in Kiev turned the city into a major commercial and cultural center. He left a good memory of himself in the centuries and an example of governance of the state, which makes the country prosperous. He is well spoken of not only in the "Tale of Bygone Years" written during his reign, but also in the Ipatiev Chronicle and in the "Lay of the Ruin of the Russian Land." And after his death, some of his descendants were crowned with the kingdom by the "cap of Monomakh".

The beginning of the reign of Vladimir Monomakh fell on April 20, 1113, and ended May 19, 1125, the day of his death. Dynamic marriages were widely spread under Vladimir Monomakh. He chewed all his numerous children with almost all the crowned people of Europe. The marriages were with the children of the khans.

Results of the Board

A powerful power, with which the neighbors were counted, was left by Vladimir Monomakh, the results of his reign can be summed up as follows. The main achievement was the cessation of the raids of the Polovtsians who ruined the country. The authority of Russia increased unspeakably after the victory over them. His further growth was promoted by a balanced foreign policy and dynastic marriages. Monomakh strengthened the centralization of power, and thus he managed to retain full control over all the cities and trade routes of Russia. As a consequence of the cessation of civil strife and the onset of peaceful life, all sectors of the economy, literature and art began to develop, and the country's power, both military and economic, increased significantly.