The population of Theodosia. Economy, administration, housing, work and leisure in Feodosia

For many people in the summer time is actual holiday in Feodosia. This wonderful Crimean city on the Black Sea coast has fascinated hundreds of thousands of tourists, who annually rest in it. What is so attractive Theodosius? The description of the location, history of the city, its population, infrastructure, recreational conditions and other issues related to this resort, and will be the subject of this review.

Geographical location of Feodosiya

Before we begin to describe the population of Feodosia and other aspects of life in the city, let's look at where it is located.

The city of Feodosia is located in the south-eastern part of the Crimean peninsula, on the Black Sea coast, in the Feodosiya Bay area. It is located just between the Kerch peninsula and the southern coast of the Crimea, being, as it were, a link between them. The eastern part of the settlement is located on the seashore, and the western part - on the spurs of the Tepe-Oba range of the Crimean mountains.

The climate in Feodosia is moderate, although there are sometimes signs of subtropical, due to the close location to this climatic zone.

Legal status

The legal status of the city, like the whole of the Crimea, is mixed. According to Russian legislation (and in fact), this settlement is part of the urban district of Feodosia, which, in turn, is part of the Republic of Crimea. In the south-west this administrative education borders on the urban district of Sudak, in the north - with the Kirovsky district, in the north-east - with the Leninsky district. The waters of the Black Sea are washed south and southeast. In addition, this urban district includes several towns and villages, the largest of which are the Primorsky and Koktebel.

At the same time, according to the Ukrainian legislation, Feodosiya belongs to the city council of the same name, which is part of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, and completely coincides with the boundaries of the city district. However, de facto, Ukraine does not control these territories, so that Russian legislation fully applies to them.

City `s history

Theodosius has a very long history. It is one of the oldest settlements of the Crimea and Russia as a whole. The first population of Theodosia is the Greeks. It was the Greek colonists from the city of Miletus in the 6th century BC. E. Founded this settlement. The name that the Greeks gave to the settlement they founded is translated from the ancient Greek language as "God given." In the IV century BC. E. Theodosius was compelled to submit to the most powerful Greek state in the Crimea - the Bosporan kingdom, which itself eventually recognized the dependence on the Roman Empire.

In the 4th century AD, the city was subject to destruction by hordes of Huns. The field of this is what the Alans left from it, called the village of Ardabda. The Roman Empire managed to regain control of Theodosius this time only after it was transformed into Byzantium, in the 5th century. True, the city then for a while passed into the hands of the Khazar Khaganate, but eventually returned to the sovereignty of the Byzantine Empire. However, up to the value and size of the ancient times, Theodosius of that time was far away, and, in fact, it existed as an insignificant village.

In the thirteenth century, Theodosius was controlled by the Golden Horde, which sold the village to merchants from Genoa, retaining its supreme suzerainty over it. Since then, the city has become a Genoese fortress, which is the outpost of this maritime republic. Now he began to be called Kafa. Since the days of antiquity, the city has not experienced such a heyday as the Genoese. It was here that the Mamai temnik was escaping from the wrath of the Golden Horde Khan Tokhtamysh, after he was defeated by Dmitry Donskoy on Kulikovo Field. The population of the Cafe of that time exceeded 70,000 people, and then it became more than in Constantinople. Most of the city's residents were Armenians. In the Cafe, a branch of the Genoese bank was opened, there was a theater.

Finally, in 1475 the Genoese were driven out of the Kafa by an actively expanding Ottoman Empire. Now it has become a Turkish city. Although to the north of her were the lands of a vassal of the Ottoman Sultan - the Crimean Khan, but Kafa was not part of the khanate, but was a direct part of the empire. In the Ottoman period, Kafa became one of the largest slave trade points, there was a slave market. In the Turkish period, the development of deposits of table salt near the city also developed. In addition, as with the Genoese, there was a large port. Theodosius of that time was raided and plundered by Zaporozhye Cossacks, for example, in 1616. During this expedition, many prisoners were also released.

In 1771, during the next Russian-Turkish war, Kafa was captured by Russian troops. After the Kuchuk-Kainaji peace treaty, this city finally became part of the Russian Empire. Since 1787 it has become one of the settlements of the Taurian region. Since 1796, after administrative reform, Kafa was included in the Novorossiysk province. In 1798, it received the status of a free port for 30 years. Six years later, the Cafe returned its historical name - Theodosius.

This city was visited by many outstanding personalities. He lived a significant part of life, worked and died the famous painter Ivan Aivazovsky. Also in Feodosia there was a Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.

After the revolution of 1917, the Crimea, and in particular Theodosius, became the last stronghold of the White Army under the leadership of Wrangel. After the occupation of the city in 1920, the Bolsheviks swept a wave of red terror. The population of Feodosia at that time in the city was significantly reduced. The city, like the entire Crimea, was included in the RSFSR.

During the Great Patriotic War for Feodosia there were fierce battles. Finally, it was liberated by the Red Army only in April 1944.

In 1954, like the entire Crimean region, Feodosia became part of the Ukrainian SSR. After Ukraine gained independence in 1991, the city remained part of this state, first in the Crimean ASSR, then the Republic of Crimea, and then the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

In 2014, as a result of the referendum, Feodosia, like the whole Crimea, was annexed to the Russian Federation. Currently, the city is an administrative unit of the Republic of Crimea, which is part of the Russian Federation as a subject of the federation.

Population of the city

It's time to find out how many people make up the population of Theodosia. At the moment, there are 68.6 thousand inhabitants. This is the fifth largest in terms of the number of all cities in the Crimea, without Sebastopol. Not so long ago Feodosia ranked fourth in this indicator, but Yalta bypassed it.

The density of the population in the city is 1621.2 people per square meter. Km. For comparison, the population density in Simferopol is 3132.5 people per square kilometer. Km, in Kerch - 1379 people / sq. Km. Km, in Yalta - 4310.1 people / sq. Km. Km.

Population dynamics

Now let's find out how the demographic Theodosia has been changing for several decades. The population of this city we will look selectively for individual years from different periods of the relatively recent history of the city.

Let's start with the end of the century before last. In 1897, the number of inhabitants of Feodosia was 24.1 thousand. After the revolution, this number fell. So, in 1923 there were only 22.7 thousand people living in the city. But by 1926 the population had increased and reached the level of 27.3 thousand people. The growth of the number of inhabitants of Theodosia continued in the following years. So, in 1939 the number of residents reached 45.0 thousand., And in 1979 it was at the level of 76.4 thousand. The maximum was achieved after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1992. Then in Feodosia lived 86.4 thousand. Neither before nor after this such a large number of people the city did not have.

Then began the decline in the number of people residing in Feodosia. So, in 1998 the number of the population of the city decreased to the level of 80.9 thousand people. In 2008, it was already 71.2 thousand people. A small increase in the number of residents was observed only in 2015, when the number of residents increased from 69.0 thousand. (2014) to 69.1 thousand people. But in 2016, the demographic decline continued. The population decreased to 68.6 thousand.

Thus, from 1992 to 2016, the total reduction in the population of the city of Feodosiya was 17,800 people.

Ethnic composition

Now consider the ethnic composition of the population living in the city of Feodosia.

According to the 2014 census, the bulk is Russian. Their share among all residents of the city is 79.4%. On the second place with a significant lag is the Ukrainians - 11.4%. Then follow Belarusians and Crimean Tatars - 1% each.

It is noteworthy that during the 2001 census, when Feodosiya was still Ukrainian, the number of Russians was smaller, and Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars - greater. So, the share of Russians was 72.2%, Ukrainians - 18.8%, and Crimean Tatars - 4.6%. Belarusians were also somewhat more - 1.8%. However, this situation is quite expected. In Feodosia, many people have mixed ethnic origins, so some of them categorized themselves as titular nations during the census.

Also in Feodosia live Tatars, Armenians, Azerbaijanians, Greeks, Moldovans, Georgians and other peoples. But the number of representatives of each of them does not exceed 1% of the total population of the city.

Religious confessions

In Feodosia, there are many religious denominations, but most of the faithful people profess Orthodox Christianity.

The Crimean Tatar community, and also the majority of representatives of such nationalities as Tatars and Azerbaijanis, profess Islam.

In addition, in Feodosia there is a Catholic community, as well as Christian communities of various Protestant trends.

Administration of the city

The body that manages the city is the Theodosia City Council, consisting of 28 deputies elected every five-year plan. At the moment the chairman of the city council is Svetlana Gevchuk.

Administration of Feodosia is the executive management body. Its head is appointed by the city council of candidates who passed the competitive selection. At the moment, the head of the city administration is Krysin Stanislav.

Administration of Feodosia has in its composition a number of profile departments. Each of them is engaged in separate areas of work. Among the departments should be allocated the following: the Department of Youth and Sports, the Department of Economics, the Department of Labor and Social Protection of the Population. Feodosia largely depends on the quality of the work of the city administration.

Economy of the city

The economy of Feodosia stands on two pillars: tourism and sea transport.

According to the typology of resort areas, the city belongs to climatic balneological resorts. The sea in Feodosia is very gentle and welcoming, but apart from it the city can provide wonderful healing springs to tourists. More about the rest in Feodosia, we'll talk in a separate section.

But the main income of the city's budget is tax revenues from the port's work. It is sea transport that largely forms the economy of the city.

However, tourism and transportation, although the main, but not the only activities in Feodosia. Also in the city is very well developed trade. This is one of the activities that Feodosiya can be proud of. Prices for food and goods, though, as in any resort town, in the high season here are overstated.

There are also production branches in Feodosia. Here work ship mechanical, optical, juice, wine factories, and also a combine of building materials. But after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the production capacity of these enterprises has significantly decreased.

Work in Feodosiya

Given that the city is a resort, the work here is seasonal. Of course, there are also enterprises that work all year round - factories, factories, a port, etc., but in general jobs are already occupied for them, the staff turnover is relatively small, so you need to stand in a long "queue" to To get to such a place. The work in the port is particularly prestigious, as the workers there receive rather high salaries.

But in the holiday season, work is more than enough for both local residents and visitors. In summer, work in Feodosia is mainly represented by vacancies in the sphere of trade, as well as offers of employment in various resorts: boarding houses, recreation centers, children's camps.

Sphere of rest

As already mentioned above, rest in Feodosia is one of the main sources of income for the city and its population. On the territory of the city district there is a huge number of sanatoria and health resorts. Among them, the most important are the following: Feodosia, Voskhod, Ukraine, children's sanatorium Volna, Golden Beach. In each of these institutions tourists can not only have a good rest and spend time, but also get better. In the treatment and prevention of diseases in sanatoriums, mud and mineral therapy is applied. The blessing of Theodosius is surrounded by numerous mineral springs, and there are deposits of medicinal mud.

But most vacationers still prefer to stay in small hotels or rent an apartment or house in the private sector. This is not the least due to lower prices when renting an apartment from private individuals. But in this case the question arises: where it is better to rent a house in Feodosia? We will talk about this later.

Housing demolition

Find accommodation in Feodosia during the holiday season is really a big problem. In addition to the fact that all apartments and private houses, owners of which accept vacationers, can be hammered, so even at the height of the season prices for renting real estate hurt bite. Therefore, it is preferable to rent housing not in the city itself, but in resort towns that are part of the city district of Feodosia, namely: Beregovoe, Koktebel and Primorsky.

If you are young enough, and it is not difficult for you to walk a few kilometers to the sea, then it is better to choose the streets of Feodosia and the district villages that are located away from the coast for renting. This way you will kill several birds with one stone. Firstly, away from the sea to find a home is much easier than on the coastal streets, and secondly, the prices for the food are lower, and thirdly, the daily runs from home to the sea have a positive effect on health and overall physical fitness.

General characteristics of Feodosia

Feodosia is one of the oldest cities not only in Crimea or Russia, but also in Europe as a whole. For many centuries of its history, the city experienced both prosperity and decline: it was one of the largest cultural and shopping centers, its status was reduced almost to the level of the village. Such ups and downs Feodosia experienced several during its existence.

Now Feodosia is one of the most developed resort cities in the Crimea. But in addition to the tourist sphere, maritime trade is very well developed here. Feodosia port remains one of the largest on the Crimean peninsula.

If you decide to spend a holiday in the Crimea, then the most optimal option is to stop your choice just in Feodosia. Here the prices are much lower than at the resorts of the Southern Coast of Crimea, for example in Yalta, but the range of services and the level of enjoyment you will get almost the same.

After the accession of the Crimea to the Russian Federation, the Russian government promised to promote the modernization of the region's infrastructure comprehensively, as well as to stimulate the development of the tourist business. Feodosia, as an immediate part of the Crimea, certainly can count on investment infusions along with other resort towns in the region. So let's hope that this settlement will eventually become even more beautiful and attractive for tourists.