Computers, Equipment
The motherboard (scheme). Device and purpose of the motherboard
The computer has many components. One of the most important details, without which it is impossible to imagine his work, is the motherboard. The circuit of this device is very complex, and it itself includes several components. What does it include?
What is a motherboard
Printed circuit board
There are signal lines on it that connect all the elements together. If they are placed too close, interference will be generated for the signals. The longer the length of the line and the transmission of data on it, the higher the level of instability. Therefore, there may be failures even in the work of very expensive and reliable computers. To minimize this effect, the PCB is created multilayered, while multiplying its useful area many times, as well as the distance between the lines. In modern devices, six layers are used most often: three are signal, one ground and two feed. On printed circuit boards are placed all the elements that make it an integral part of the computer. This includes both components and ports. The connection scheme of the motherboard allows us to judge what will be added in the future. So, on modern devices there are half a dozen connectors for various devices, except those that will be considered in the article. It should be noted that most motherboard developers are loyal to the desire of users of their products to improve it by adding new components (for example, RAM).
Chipset
North Bridge
It monitors and sends data from four tires:
- System.
- Linked to memory.
- Exchangeable data with a graphics adapter.
- Connected to the south bridge.
This device consists of a memory controller and a number of interfaces. Although the first function can be considered morally obsolete due to the fact that the same device is available in all modern computers. The same can be said about the interface, which is responsible for the graphics.
South Bridge
- Responsible for supporting communication with the northern bridge.
- Connecting bridge with expansion cards.
- Responsible for the exchange of data with other computers or peripherals.
- Engaged in communication with hard drives.
- Serving data exchange with slow devices.
Basic input / output system (BIOS)
The BIOS is a special program that is stitched in a permanent storage device (ROM). BIOS is in the motherboard, and in other elements of the computer (video cards, controllers and so on). The version we are considering is important due to the fact that when you turn on the computer, it checks most of the connected devices (memory, hard drives, processor, etc.). Then the BIOS initializes the controllers that the motherboard has. The scheme, placed in the article, makes it possible to understand that together with them some devices are launched and the process of establishing their basic parameters is in progress. If everything works without problems, the BIOS issues control to the operating system.
Clock Generator
Other elements that the motherboard has
Specific example
Let's see what the scheme of the Asus motherboard is. As you can see, the figure clearly shows a large controller, which deals with a wide range of actions. Yes, it should be noted that the motherboard circuit of the laptop and computer will be slightly different. So, there is not enough space on the first one, because of what it is necessary to place everything as it is possible kuchnee. Of course, the computer is not scattered around the place, but there this problem is not so acute. To understand this, you need a connection scheme for the Asus motherboard and an arbitrary computer. Compare how and what is posted. In the laptop everything is optimized, any space on the account. Whereas in computers, thanks to the presence of the system unit, where there is more free space, this is not particularly considered.
Conclusion
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