The importance of scientific, technical, social progress in the development of states, effective economies - all and the creative role of science and engineering

V.A. Pyatkin RISE AND FALL

The time of the curses has passed. Nastala

It's time for intellectual reflection.

S. Alekseevich, writer.

FROM THE AUTHOR

The end of the 20th century was the destruction of the USSR - a world-class state among the leaders of scientific and technological progress. A powerful industrial development base is destroyed, with it creative - the scientific and intellectual employment of people and the social and social sphere. The last twenty years have become a national disaster - the tragedy of the peoples of Russia and the republics of the former Soviet Union.

The national heritage created by the work and mind of many generations has been turned into a property of a narrow circle of people, as well as national raw materials. The basis of all was the export-raw materials economy, in which there was nothing for national ups and downs - only enrichment and only enrichment. The nation lost its traditional activity in science, in design and engineering, and in industry.

In the process called the reform, nothing significant has happened and has not occurred to the development of an effective economy in twenty years. It is dominated only by the interests of artificially created large owners, the desire for unlimited enrichment. This explains the disintegration - the deepest stratification and decomposition of all social and social spheres.

Why did this happen? The question is waiting for objective researchers. The will of contradictory relations in society, and most importantly - due to a lack of understanding of the sources of effective developments, this issue has become very relevant, uneasy - national.

Today's Russia is a state of large owners and corporations that have defined economic and industrial policies in their own interests. It is a policy of deliberately abandoning the development of national scientific and technological progress and denying it as unnecessary. Twenty years they dictate only this direction, significantly expand the volumes of the raw materials economy and look like temporary workers only renting the appropriated industrial facilities.

Russia is a state without a goal and an idea. In the Soviet Union there was a goal - socialism, and the idea - the scientific, technical and social progress of state - national development. (The overrated idea of communism played a negative role). Reformed Russia. Can anyone name which goals are set? However, one, the only one is: "Be enriched and enriched". This goal is permeated by everything and everything, from top to bottom - corporations, business, popculture, etc., any activity of people and the entire social life.

The sketch is called "Rise and Fall". After World War II, the USSR was among the world leaders of scientific and technological progress - the Great Power. This happened thanks to the rise of the NTP from the backward agrarian illiterate Russia to a powerful industrial power that defeated Hitler's fascism, with an advanced European industrial base ... The fall of Russia was predetermined by reformist politicians by the realization of their concepts that led to the destruction of scientific, professional, cadre and industrial spheres.

Our conversation about the importance of scientific and technical progress in the development of states, effective economies - all and the creative role of scientific and engineering activities, above all, design and engineering. The society was not even able to understand this role. Engineering-educational, industrial and public foundations have been destroyed. There was a change of several generations. In the public life, young people have entered far from scientific and technical creativity.

This essay in defense of engineering and scientific and engineering activities, which is associated with the destruction of the traditional national field of activity. Considered about twenty different topics in which some facts are re-used. This is not a repetition of the written, but different perspectives on the problems under consideration.

Essay addressed to creative youth. I want to believe that she, deprived of bias, will find her understanding of everything and the right orientation.

RISE AND FALL TRENDS

THE DECISIVE DEVELOPMENT FACTOR

The past century is a time of tremendous upheavals, transformations and destruction, achievements and extreme falls; A kaleidoscope of leaders and leaders - strong, outstanding and very weak, vile, but ambitious, with claims of exclusivity. Time ideologies, too detached from the ground - social production, highly raised over the interests of people, and interests that destroyed all sorts of ideologies and moral principles. Time of incredible fabrications that destroyed the truth and crippled the consciousness of people. These are bitter lessons in history and repetitive mistakes that have not been taught anything.

The events of the 1990s and subsequent years require an understanding and evaluation of everything. What happened? Was this a necessity? What is Russian capitalism? Why did this happen, but not otherwise? Not as politicians promised, but many expected. What was the basis of the transition economy? What are the driving forces? "Every generation needs an assessment of what happened. We avoid honest assessment. " (D. Granin)

Today it is very difficult to talk to people of different interests, orientations and generations, to find at least some general idea in the understanding of history, public and national interests. Any opinion, especially if it concerns the Soviet period, is immediately opposed to something else - the very opposite. The concept of national interests - generally disappeared, is discriminated against. Some, few, enthusiastically talk about what happened, others are very opposite. There are no guidelines, no authorities, and there is nothing universally accepted.

To understand everything, it is necessary to know the level of development of scientific and technological progress in the period under consideration, which determined the economy and the standard of living of society. To what extent did the decisions of the leaders correspond to national interests and whether such orientations were. Only this knowledge provides answers to all questions.

To understand this, we need knowledge of the history of the national scientific and technological revolution. Just what is ignored today, is held back as unworthy of attention and study. We need a criterion for assessing everything - processes, people's actions, decisions made. He is the one, the only, the other is not and can not be. To what extent does it meet or correspond to national interests . This criterion is a guiding thread in assessing the past, what happened, and the decisions of politicians-all. Only he helps not to be mistaken.

In recent years, many critical, directed to the past, are pronounced by cultural workers. These are not harmless "hangouts". They are dominated by the interests of some part of society, devoid of earthedness. Artists, writers, not understanding the basis for the development of society, take to judge social phenomena and historical processes, obsessively form the public consciousness. This is done in isolation from the era, the level of world development. Much is idealized, ignored, exaggerated. Misrepresentations are made with irritation and peremptory aplomb. All this is disorienting the society, paralyzing in the understanding of historical errors and national interests.

The Moscow intellectual environment, from which this process emerged called reform, is very diverse in its concepts and understandings. It reminds builders of the Tower of Babel. It is known how it ended ... The pleasure of its own inventions and national humiliations is surprising: "Democracy, freedom, justice," "There is no more contemptible nation in the world", "Russia is a raw material appendage, must finally part with the image of the Great Power," " Sale of the Russian Empire "(what a revelation!) And stuff, stuff ...

One Chekhovian heroine, often listening to intellectual arguments about the eternal Russian problems, remarked: "I think there is a solution that will at once remove all your questions ..." This universal idea, just the one that the intelligentsia has long lost and that is capable of Solve all the problems. This idea is the development of domestic scientific and technological progress. It's amazing, but our whole history is tied up with this idea! We trampled on something that weighed heavily and confidently, we watered the past with dirt without thinking about anything.

Scientific and technological progress, social production - the basis of economic power and prosperity of states, society, sources of effective development and prosperity. Unfortunately, this obvious truth became (and it turns out to be) incomprehensible reformers. Especially for the Moscow intelligentsia, claiming the role of mentors of spirituality and morality. Too widespread and profound were the delusions.

The NTP is a world-class foundation in many spheres and in many directions. In the 1950s, the Soviet Union received the recognition of the Great Power. This happened, above all, thanks to the high professionalism - the education of scientists and engineers. Great goals were set and personalities were able to solve them, which created highly professional collectives and perfect technique. New very unusual tasks were solved thanks to the high initiative and bestowal of people, their intellect, talent, ingenuity, reaching fanaticism. In different periods, outstanding achievements were realized.

What are the origins of the success of industrialization? Why we were able to win the Great Patriotic War? What are the achievements of the world level? Why did we survive the cold war? ... Why is there no efficient economy? Why are all processes permeated with ugly expansions? These and many other questions are answered in one: they were based on scientific and technological progress, or - they do not have this basis. This is a decisive factor for the development of effective economies, nations.

There is no need to address the examples of the leaders' countries. We have our own experience, recognized by world practice. In the 1950s, this experience was an impetus for the improvement of scientific and technical education in the United States, as well as the formation of the professionalism of cadres in Japan. Experts of China mastered the style and scientific foundations of Soviet design developments (they were given and design documentation, primarily on aircraft construction, rocket building ). Scientific and technical literature was reprinted in Chinese.

Twenty years in Russia all this, historical information, consciously destroyed, as unnecessary to them, reformers, thrown back into oblivion. A refusal of such an orientation was made, which broke the national mentality that had developed in the past.

What is this decisive factor in practice? This is design and development and their industrial development. On many fronts, the creation of technology begins with this. Developments initiate research, development of production, development and development of new technologies. Usually it affects neighboring enterprises, industries and various industries ... All this created a vast national field of people's employment, for many became part of their life, professional activity.

DOMESTIC NTP AND ENGINEERING

The twentieth century, far advanced in technical progress, has gone down in history. Mankind is on the threshold of transition to something qualitatively new, grandiose. But for about thirty years scientific and technical progress on the lack of understanding and limitations of political leaders and officials has been going on without and outside of Russia ... We were a Great Power, we conducted expensive science-intensive programs. In many respects they were leading, they achieved and maintained parity in the military sphere, in confrontation with powerful and strong industrial countries, primarily the United States. We have been building up and raising our technical level (albeit with a backlog). In all directions, they created and owned the scientific foundations of developments, in all industrial areas. And it's amazing.

The brightest and historically significant stages of the national scientific and technological progress are the creation and development in the pre-war period of industry and industry and the rise to the world level, the technology that brought the Victory in the Great Patriotic War; In the post-war period - the creation and development of nuclear power, rocket and space programs, new areas of aircraft construction, shipbuilding, a number of engineering industries, electronics, metallurgy, chemistry, etc. All this was done in-house in complete isolation (not through our fault) from the world economy .

Speaking of past shortcomings and omissions, blaming the system for what we did not have and did not (in comparison with the West), it should not be forgotten that this was a rivalry (it can hardly be so called by the correlation of forces) with the world economy, which Absorbed the world's resources - raw materials, industrial, scientific, intellectual. These are the resources of modern civilization. They were ten times ours. To this is also the irreconcilably hostile attitude toward the Soviet Union with a tough economic isolation from the West. Yes, these were our shortcomings - totalitarianism, administrative command, the dominance of managerial careerism and amateurism, the irrepressible chatter of "clever" and cleverly disguised clever people, those who then all the same zealously deceived, broke up and pulled ... Having presented an objective reality, These accusations become irrelevant, and real achievements appear to be unique, even unbelievable. Undoubtedly, the domestic history with increasing interest will attract objective researchers as a disappeared civilization, amazing both by technical and social achievements, and by its contradictions.

The share of Russian engineers of all generations has fallen both bright and in many ways dramatic, even tragic, fate. In the memory of history, triumphal achievements of the world level will be preserved - the creation of the best and unsurpassed models of technology: weapons of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, later of aviation and rocket and space technology and much more. The defense sphere represented islands of engineering creativity, where there was at least some space. When you read about the amazing possibilities of PO planes. Sukhoi, A.I. Mikoyan, helicopters M.L. Milya, N.I. Kama, there is a feeling of pride and admiration. Only to a person experienced in technology, it seems, by what great efforts it was done. Defense was under the veil of secrecy and secrecy. S.P. Korolev held a special position on publicity. His missiles, cosmonautics were part of politics - ideology of prestige. It was impossible to hide. On the contrary, in these publications, outstanding success was presented as an advantage of the system. Paradoxically, they are received despite the contradictory nature of the system, primarily thanks to the titanic efforts of scientists, engineers, and SP himself. Queen.

And next, in the branches of engineering - the bacchanalia of industrial freaks, metal-consuming and unreliable. Why is our technique imperfect? Not at all because we have stupid engineers. Too much initiative was given to officials of administrations and ideologists - idlers and chatterboxes, the "theorists" of progress. They engendered the revelry of amateurism and ignorance, formalism, distorted the understanding of the role of engineers as creators of technology and scientific and technological progress, substituted for this role duties (ordered - will do!), But in fact discriminated the engineer.

Today the process of absurdity is only deepening. The industry, production, scientific and technical activities, and the life of society are paralyzed and destroyed. Scientific and technological progress, new developments - the basis of success in everything. It seems to be an obvious truth, but it is not understood by anyone. And it's amazing. The events of recent years show that in relation to the understanding of technology and the engineers that create it, what happened in the sixties and nineties, and what is happening, there are no differences ... Half of our society actively worked in the industries. Millions of highly professional scientists and engineers in the most knowledge-intensive spheres brought the country world-class achievements. They were ready to give their knowledge and experience to the reorganization. In a moment they lost everything. Nobody expected such an outcome. Production was difficult for the patient, required treatment, and he was simply killed.

For some reason, this remains the greatest secret, beyond the understanding of journalism, too obsessed with repression, reasoning about non-existent democracy, freedom, justice, on idealizations divorced from realities ... Political leaders, far away