The gene is what? Amazing and incredible about science genetics

Why does a person look like this, and not otherwise? Why do children look like their parents, grandmothers, grandfathers, brothers and sisters? This question interested people long before the emergence of such a science as genetics. It appeared relatively recently. The founder of this science is Gregor Mendel, who lived in the XIX century and formulated several regularities, according to which the inheritance of certain characteristics occurs.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, this sphere attracted many scientists and was seriously developed. In 1909, the concept of a gene was formulated and introduced into use . A gene is a section of a DNA chain that is familiar to all the double helix that is contained in every human cell and carries all the information about it. DNA is also found in germ cells, and when they merge, the DNA of two organisms mixes to form a new unique chain that combines the DNA of not only the parent organisms, but also the sections of the chains of all their ancestors. A gene is a unit of information about a feature or group of characteristics of an organism. Some genes partially duplicate the information encoded in them, so every creature that emerged with the help of sexual reproduction is completely unique. It is believed that all information about the body is coded by at least 30-50 thousand genes, but there may be much more. That is, every facial feature, hair color, skin, eye, nail shape, all metabolic processes - all this is encoded by a group or an individual gene. It's so interesting to learn and decipher! This is what scientists are doing.

Molecular genetics - one of the branches of general science - is concerned with the fact that it studies the structure of the gene. According to the latest data, its non-linear structure consists of two sequences: the coding and non-coding sequences, which are called exon and nitron, respectively. This discovery was made after studying the DNA of eukaryotes, that is, the genome of the organism, the cells of which contain the nucleus. In fact, DNA molecules consist of nucleotides that encode all information About the body. And from the point of view of chemistry, all these are proteins.

The newest discoveries and achievements of genetics gave impetus to medicine, breeding, biology, criminology and other sciences. An accurate understanding of what kind of information a particular gene carries is the key to the treatment of many diseases. You can find out the origin of one or another person, confirm or deny the relationship of various people, and much more. In the future, when scientists can model and correct the genome, many diseases can be conquered, new varieties of plants and animal breeds can be removed. Is this not tempting?

In genetics, there is another interesting concept - the flow of genes. It means the appearance in a single population of a large number of genes inherent in another
Population due to migration flows. That is, if you apply this term to people, this is a mixture of the two races, assimilation.

Genetics is an amazing and very interesting science, which in the future can become one of the most important and promising. It not only determines what will be, but can also find out what it was. With its help, it will be possible to confirm or disprove existing theories of the appearance of man.