The first dream of Raskolnikov. The meaning of Raskolnikov's dreams

In the composition of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" Raskolnikov's dreams occupy the most important place, being an integral part of the construction of the work. Dreams in a novel are a reflection of the hero's inner world, his ideas, theories, thoughts hidden from his consciousness. This is an important part of the novel, which gives the reader the opportunity to penetrate Raskolnikov's inner world , to understand the very essence of his soul.

Dreams in Psychology

The study of a person's personality is a very subtle science, balancing between precise attitudes and philosophical conclusions. Psychology often operates with such mysterious and ambiguous categories as "consciousness", "unconscious", "psyche". Here, to explain the actions of a person, his inner world, hidden even from the patient himself, is predominant. His immoral thoughts and feelings he drives deep inside, ashamed to confess them not only to others, but even to himself. This causes a mental imbalance, contributes to the development of neuroses and hysteria.

To solve the state of a person, the true causes of his moral suffering, psychologists often use hypnosis or solve dreams. It is the dream in psychology that is the expression of the unconscious in the psyche of man, his suppressed self.

Sleep as a method of psychoanalysis in the novel

Dostoevsky is a very subtle psychologist. He seems to turn inside out the souls of his characters to the reader. But he does it not explicitly, but gradually, as if drawing a picture in front of the viewer, on which everyone should see special patterns. In the work "Crime and Punishment", sleep is a way of revealing the inner world of Raskolnikov, his experiences, emotions and thoughts. Therefore, it is so important to determine the content of Raskolnikov's dreams, their semantic load. This is also necessary in order to understand both the novel itself and the personality of the hero.

Church and pub

Throughout the work, Rodion Romanovich dreams five times. More precisely, three dreams and two half-breds, occurring on the verge of consciousness and unreality. Raskolnikov's dreams, the brief content of which allows us to grasp the deep meaning of the work, allow the reader to feel the inner contradictions of the hero, his "hard thinking". This is the case with the first dream, in which, to some extent, the hero's inner struggle is going on. This is a very important point. This is a dream before the murder of an old woman. It must be sharpened. This is a system-forming episode, from which, as from a stone launched into the water, the waves on each page of the novel diverge.

The first dream of Raskolnikov is the creation of a painful imagination. He sees him in his "little room" after he met a drunk girl on the boulevard. The dream returns Rodion to a distant childhood, when he lived in his native town. Life there is so simple, ordinary and boring, that even on holidays, nothing can dilute the "gray time". And Raskolnikov's dream was depicted by Dostoevsky in gloomy, repulsive tones. The contrast creates only a green dome of the church and red and blue shirts that belong to drunken peasants.

In this dream, there are two places that are opposed to each other: the tavern and the church in the cemetery. The church in the cemetery is a certain symbol: how life starts its person in the church, and finishes it there. A tavern, in turn, is associated with Rodion with malice, meanness, stiffness, drunkenness, filth and depravity of its inhabitants. The fun of the dwellers of the tavern, both among those around them, and in the smallest Rodi, is only a matter of fear and disgust.

And these two centers - the tavern and the church - are not by chance located a short distance from each other. In this way, Dostoevsky wants to say that a person, however disgusting, can at any moment terminate a low life and turn to a forgiving God. To do this, just start a new, "clean" life, a life without sins.

Old child's nightmare

Let us now turn not to the symbols of this dream, but to Rodion himself, who, in a dream, plunged into the world of his childhood. He again experiences a nightmare, which he witnessed in his early childhood: Rodion, together with his father, goes to the cemetery to visit the grave of a small brother who died at the age of six months. And their way ran through the tavern. At the tavern there was a dray horse, which was harnessed to a cart. A drunken horse master came out of the tavern and began to invite his friends to ride a cart. When the old horse did not budge, Mikola began whipping her with a whip, which he then replaced with a scrap. After several blows, the horse dies, and Rodion, seeing this, rushes at him with his fists.

Analysis of the first dream

It is this one in the novel "Crime and Punishment" that sleep is the most important component of the whole novel. It allows for the first time to see the readers murder. Only murder is not conceived, but real. In the first dream, a sense is laid, which carries a great semantic and symbolic load. He demonstrates how the hero developed a sense of injustice. This feeling is a product of the searches and mental sufferings of Rodion.

Just one in the work "Crime and Punishment" Raskolnikov's dream is a thousand-year experience of oppression and enslavement of each other's people. It reflects the cruelty that governs the world, and with nothing comparable to the longing for justice and humanity. This thought with amazing skill and clarity FM. Dostoevsky was able to show in such a short episode.

The second dream of Raskolnikov

Interestingly, after Raskolnikov saw the first dream, he for a long time no longer sees dreams, except for visions that visited him before the murder - a desert in which there is an oasis with blue water (this is the symbol: blue - the color of hope, the color of purity). The fact that Raskolnikov decides to get drunk from the source, says that not everything is lost. He can still abandon his "experience", avoid this terrible experiment, which must confirm his crazy theory that killing a "harmful" (bad, mean) person will certainly bring relief to society and make the life of good people better.

On the verge of the unconscious

In a feverish fit, when the hero thinks little about delirium, Raskolnikov sees the mistress of his apartment allegedly beating Ilya Petrovich. It is impossible to single out this episode, which occurred in the second part of the novel, in a separate dream, since this is mostly "delirium and auditory hallucinations". Although this to some extent suggests that the hero foresees that he will be a "renegade", an "outcast", that is, At a subconscious level knows that he is being punished. But also, perhaps, it is a game of the subconscious, which speaks of the desire to destroy yet another "trembling creature" (the landlady of the apartment), who, like the old woman, is not worthy, according to his theory, to live.

Description of the next sleep Raskolnikov

In the third part of the work, Rodion, who had already dealt with Alena Ivanovna (also killing innocent Lizaveta Ivanovna), dreams another dream, gradually turning into nonsense. Raskolnikov's next dream is like the first. This is a nightmare: the old woman in the dream is alive in a dream, and she tries to kill herself with fruitless attempts to answer Raskolnikov with laughter, with laughter "ominous and unpleasant." Raskolnikov tries to kill her repeatedly, but the hubbub of the crowd, which is clearly unkind and spiteful, does not allow him to do business. Dostoevsky shows the torment and the throwing of the protagonist.

Psychoanalysis of the author

This dream fully reflects the state of the hero, who was "broken", as his experiment showed him that he is not able to transcend human lives. The old woman's laughter is a laughter that Raskolnikov was not "Napoleon", who can easily juggle with human destinies, but an insignificant and ridiculous person. This is a kind of triumph of evil over failed to destroy Raskolnikov's conscience in himself. Purely compositional, this dream is the continuation and development of Raskolnikov's reflections on his theory, according to which he divided people into "creatures of trembling" and those who "have the right." This is his inability to step over a person and will lead Rodion to the line, to the possibility of later "reborn from the ashes."

The last dream

The last in the novel "Crime and Punishment" Raskolnikov's dream is another peculiar semi-semisweet, in which one must look for the hope of the possibility of the degeneration of the hero. This dream relieves Rodion of the doubts and searches that tormented him all the time after the murder. The last dream of Raskolnikov is a world that must disappear because of illness. As if in this world there are spirits that are endowed with the mind, who have the will, capable of subordinating people, making of them puppets, demons and crazy. And puppets themselves after infection consider themselves truly clever and unshakable. Infected people kill each other like spiders in a jar. After the third nightmare, Rodion is healed. He becomes morally, physically and psychologically free, healed. And he is ready to follow the advice of Porfiry Petrovich, he is ready to become a "sun". He is thus approaching the threshold, beyond which lies a new life.

In this dream, Raskolnikov looks at his theory quite different eyes, now he sees that it is inhumane, and regards it already as dangerous to the human race, to all mankind.

Healing

Thus , Raskolnikov reinterpreted his entire life, abruptly changing his outlook. Raskolnikov's main achievement is his rejection of an untenable theory. His victory is that he was able to free himself from error. The hero gradually approached spiritual and moral perfection; Has passed the way, though difficult, painful and full of suffering, but still purifying and spiritually reviving. It is suffering in Dostoevsky that is the path to real happiness.

Final chord

The article described Raskolnikov's dreams briefly and concisely, but as precisely as possible, without losing important points. These dreams are very important in the content of the work. They, like a thread, connect events in the novel. It is the descriptions of dreams that contribute to the fact that the reader concentrates on the plot twists and turns, on the system of images that the author introduces. The hero's dreams prepare the reader for subsequent scenes and are of great importance for understanding the basic ideas of the novel. They are also significant for the work in the artistic and visual aspect.

In addition, dreams are very important in helping to determine the psychological state of Rodion, his feelings and emotions. The author, through the dreams of the main character, conducts an important psychological analysis. Raskolnikov's dream, in which he sees himself as a child, allows us to understand his mental state of mind. He then tried to compare his disgust with the murder of a horse with the sensations of a real murder that he had planned. Perhaps, if he listened to his feelings, he could avoid an internal split, which became a terrible tragedy for him. In addition, the first dream clearly tells the reader that Raskolnikov is not a lost person, that he has compassion and a desire to protect the weak. This allows you to look at the "mean assassin" from a different angle.

Dreams in the novel have their own separate functions and moods in each particular episode of the novel, but their general purpose is invariable. The meaning of Raskolnikov's dreams is to reveal the main idea of the work. The idea that tells us that each person is a value, you can not divide people into "lice" and "useful." An idea that shows that no one "has the right to" make human destinies. The idea, which shows how heavy the pains of conscience.

Many writers used dreams in their works, but few could achieve what FM had achieved. Dostoevsky. The way he subtly, deeply and at the same time vividly described the psychological state of the character with the help of sleep, affects not only the layman, but also the true connoisseurs of literature.