It is known that over time, a person develops certain patterns of behavior, responses, stereotyped acts. However, thinking can also be a template. Due to the fact that our consciousness strives to simplify its life to the maximum, it creates certain patterns, under which the surrounding reality is adjusted. Often these stereotypes have nothing to do with reality, but they continue with enviable persistence to "order" our lives. Such stereotyped patterns of thinking are called "cognitive distortions" and greatly simplify conscious activity, quickly hanging labels on certain situations. An example of such stereotyping is the Dunning-Krueger effect, which clearly proves the validity of the statement: "Woe is from the mind!"
The more you know, the more you realize that you do not know anything
Surely, many highly educated people, striving for permanent self-education, caught themselves thinking that they still have a sea of the unknown, and all their skills are just a drop in this sea, and so much more should be learned ... And at the same time, on each Step, we meet, to put it mildly, not the most competent people who for some reason are unshakably confident in their competence and authority. Such people seldom bother with the problem of obtaining additional knowledge, but at the same time they are trying to show their expert opinion at any convenient opportunity. To describe such people in social psychology, there is a special term - the Dunning-Kruger effect.
Description of the name
The above-mentioned people, due to their incompetence, often make mistakes (mostly in production), but they never admit their guilt, or more precisely, they do not consider the limitation of their knowledge as the reason for wrong decisions. For such individuals is characterized by a reassessment of their own knowledge, skills and abilities. They are unable to recognize that someone else can be more qualified, and he should have learned. They also never admit their ignorance. However, the Kruger effect extends to the other pole: highly qualified specialists tend to belittle their abilities, they are less confident in themselves and painstakingly analyze each decision.
The Dunning-Krueger effect: causes of distortion
Why is this happening? It would seem that ignorance should not inspire confidence, but it happens. Most likely, it's compensation. Because mediocre intellectual abilities do not allow such people to realize a sense of their own importance, they compensate for the lack of knowledge with high conceit and confidence. And the surrounding people always see the ignorance of the persons described, but they do not. They really believe that they express an expert opinion. In fact, the Dunning-Krueger effect is a serious problem in the modern world, since the carriers of this cognitive distortion are increasingly encountered in enterprises, which does not have the best effect on the quality of production. Moreover, not only the sphere of labor is affected by this effect. Poorly educated people express their "authoritative" opinion in many other areas: politics, social life and the like.