The concept of the system

And in everyday life, and in technology, and in science, whenever one wants to say something ordered, the concept of the system is used. It is basic for both theoretical and practical disciplines. Any system looks like a complex of interconnected phenomena, objects and information. It can also be knowledge about society, nature, and so on.

The concept of a system can include any object that has the following basic characteristics:

- the desire to preserve its own structure;

- the need for guidance, management.

In addition to the basic ones listed above, the concept of the system also includes the following properties:

1. Integrity. This is an indispensable feature of the system, since it is one unit, consisting of several parts, which may differ in quality, but nevertheless, it is good to combine and interact.

2. Stable relationships between the elements themselves or their signs. The system can not exist if this internal connection is weaker than the connection with those parts that do not enter into it.

3. The presence of the organization. This feature is characterized by a lower degree of uncertainty of the system compared to the degree of uncertainty of the factors that shape it and generally determine the possibility of its creation.

4. Emergence. This sign means that the whole system has properties that none of its elements, taken separately, have. And in turn, this indicates that it is not only a collection of these parts.

The concept of the system implies that it can refer to one of three types:

1. Social. It is characterized by the presence and the elements associated with each other, and the person.

2. Biological. It includes the animal and plant world of the planet.

3. Technical. It includes all products intended for use by people and having instructions (for example, machine tools, computers, various equipment).

These three subsystems, in turn, can be:

1. Natural. They are created by society or by nature itself. For example, a land use system consisting of several cycles; The universe; A strategy designed to ensure the sustainable development of the world economy.

2. Artificial systems. They are created by people in order to realize the goals and tasks set out earlier. This is a trade union of students, a family, a political organization formed during the election campaign.

3. Predictable, or deterministic systems. They work according to rules that are set in advance and the result is predetermined. This, for example, the production of a certain type of product, the process of training students. This includes the concept of an operating system, consisting of programs aimed at making the most efficient use of all possible resources of the computer system.

4. Probabilistic systems. They are affected by both the internal and external environment, and their results are predictable in advance. This, for example, is a game of lotto, entrepreneurial activity, units engaged in scientific research.

5. Open systems. They are directly connected with the environment and depend on it. This includes the concept of the tax system, and commercial firms, and local governments, and the press, radio and television.

6. Closed systems. They are created by people or companies to satisfy the interests and needs of their own circle. This, for example, the organization of masons, the eastern family, political parties.

Absolutely all mentioned properties of the system are characteristic for any organization. If at least one of the signs falls out, it will cease to exist. That is, the basic condition for the functioning of the organization is its systemic nature.