Paratrophy in young children: degree, treatment

In the age of electronic gadgets and fast food, the problem of obesity worries every third inhabitant of the planet. It is clear that a low-active lifestyle and malnutrition are the main factors in the development of this state in an adult. But why is it more and more often, according to medical statistics, cases of significant excess weight in children under the age of one year are recorded? What are the causes of this pathology? How is obesity (parathrophy) treated in children treated? The answers to these questions are in the article.

What is paratrophy?

Often described above, the condition of babies is called obesity. But from the medical point of view, such an assertion is incorrect. Indeed, paratrophy is a disease characterized by being overweight. But in a child of the first year of life, this condition has certain characteristics that are important for specialists to take into account when performing the diagnosis and developing a treatment regimen for a small patient. So, the doctor can diagnose "paratrophy" in the event that the body weight of the child exceeds 10% of the generally accepted norm for a specific age period.

Most often this condition is diagnosed with the help of measurements and laboratory methods at the age of 3-5 months. In six months has already expressed symptoms of paratrophy in children. A photo of a child suffering from such a pathology is presented below.

Types of paratrophy

In medicine, there are two types of this state.

The first is a simple obesity, which arose as a result of fattening the baby with proteins. The difficulty of preventing and treating such a disease is that adults usually seek medical help too late. This is due to the fact that outwardly at the initial stages of development of paratrophy the child looks quite healthy, "a well-fed hero". Parents of such children can not enjoy the excellent appetite of crumbs and its calm disposition (which in fact is a lack of mobility caused by excess body weight). But without changing the diet gradually the child's condition will deteriorate. In this case, concomitant diseases may occur, in particular, violations in the work of the gastrointestinal tract are often developed, the blood formula becomes worse, the load on the liver and kidneys increases. Without the necessary treatment, this disease quickly progresses, contributing to the formation of acidosis, rickets, anemia, allergies.

The second type is carbohydrate overfeed. It arises as a result of excess in the diet of the child of cereals, juices, cookies. With this condition, there is a significant decrease in skin turgor, puffiness, pallor and "marbling" of the skin. The baby has frequent loose stools and a predisposition to vomiting. This type of paratrophy leads to a violation of absorption of nutrients, and, therefore, causes hypovitaminosis, hypocalcemia, rickets.

Disease severity

There are three degrees of paratrophy in children:

• The first is diagnosed if the child has 10 to 20% of the excess body weight;
• When the second is overweight is 25-35%;
• The third is characterized by indicators of 40-50%.

The difference in the degrees of paratrophy in children is also evident in external signs. Thus, in the initial stage of the disease, the toddlers have fat folds in the thigh and chest area. Whereas in the second and third degree of paratrophy, excess weight is distributed throughout the body. At the same time, measuring the circumference of the abdomen and chest of the child, it can be noted that the first indicator by 3-5 centimeters will exceed the second.

The causes of parathrophy

Why do young children have problems with being overweight? The main cause is a malnutrition. It is important to note that in this case the diet is important not only for the baby, but for his mother.

Thus, the paratrophy of children up to a year is usually associated with non-compliance with a diet by a woman during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The use of a future mother in a large number of flour products, sweet, fatty foods often leads to an overweight child in the period of intrauterine development. In addition, children who have a large body weight at birth are prone to rapid weight gain in the future (from 1 to 1.5 kg per month).

The introduction of complementary foods or the transition to artificial feeding can lead to an aggravation of the problem. Thus, frequent feeding, exceeding recommended amounts, incorrect choice of mixtures are factors that provoke the development of such a disease as paratrophy in children of the first year of life.

Also, the cause of the pathological condition may be a violation of the child's day regimen. In particular, restriction of activity of the kid, infrequent walks on fresh air can cause a set of excess weight.

In rare cases, the paratrophy of children under one year is a consequence of various diseases associated with a violation of metabolic processes in the body.

What is dangerous?

The popular belief in the people is that if a child is well-fed, then he is healthy, is fundamentally untrue. Paratrophy in young children is difficult from the point of view of treatment and is dangerous to health. Despite the fact that there are no obvious signs of deterioration in the child's health in most cases, such a disease causes a number of accompanying problems. In the first place, there are violations in the work of the gastrointestinal tract, which, in turn, leads to a deterioration in the absorption of nutrients. As a consequence, hypovitaminosis, anemia, acidosis develops. The lack of necessary for the growth and development of substances is the trigger mechanism for the formation of rickets. In addition, as a result of violations of metabolic processes in the body, immunity decreases.

The diagnosis and treatment of paratrophy in children is also complicated by the fact that adults often do not consider the overweight of a baby a symptom of a serious illness, grandmothers never tire of admiring a plump pink-cheeked granddaughter. Therefore, parents often do not make efforts to eliminate the causes that led to the development of such a condition, violate the doctor's recommendations, refuse additional examination. These factors exacerbate the existing problem, thereby complicating its solution in the future.

Symptoms of the disease

A marked symptom of this condition is the characteristic physique of the child:

• Fatty folds on the arms, legs, chin;
• An enlarged abdomen compared with the thorax;
• Short neck.

In addition, the signs of paratrophy are:

• Decreased muscle tone;
• Loss of elasticity of skin;
• Pallor, dry skin;
• Stool, abdominal pain;
• Lack of mobility, apathy;
• Presence of diaper rash in skin folds;
• sleep disturbance;
• Propensity to allergic reactions;
• rickets.

Thus, paratrophy in children of an early age has pronounced symptoms. The photo below shows such signs of the disease as the appearance of excess fatty deposits and the formation of skin folds.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of "paratrophy" can be made by a pediatrician based on the results of the child's measurements and correlating them with the established norms.

In addition, a blood test is administered to confirm the disease, as well as to identify concomitant disorders. Important indicators for assessing the state of the baby are the level of insulin, cholesterol, hemoglobin, vitamins B ₅ and B ₁₂ , folic acid, iron.

What specialists to contact?

During the first year of life the baby should be regularly observed at the pediatrician. If this condition is met, the doctor has the opportunity to promptly identify the problem and decide on the need to refer the patient to a narrow specialist. So, depending on the condition of the child, you may need to consult an allergist, cardiologist, endocrinologist, immunologist.

Treatment of the disease

The doctor confirmed the presence of the disease, how to cope with this condition? Paratrophy in young children requires long-term treatment. First of all, an individual diet is developed: the amount of food and the frequency of feeding decrease. If the baby is breastfed, the mother needs to revise her diet. The woman will need to reduce the consumption of fatty, sweet foods, "empty" carbohydrates.

With artificial feeding pediatricians recommend using acidophilic mixtures. So, for children up to six months, such as "Malyutka", "Rostok-1" are suitable. Babies from 6 to 12 months should choose "Acidolac", "Beef".

To milk children can be mineral water without gas or carotene mixture.

Massage

With paratrophy, a special massage is recommended, which can be performed by a nurse at home. This procedure will improve blood flow, help remove excess fluid from the body, accelerate metabolic processes. Sessions should be conducted every day for 10-15 minutes.

Physiotherapy

It is known that to increase weight, it is necessary to increase physical activity. Therefore, special gymnastics, breathing exercises, regular walks in the open air, moving games will speed up the treatment process, improve the results and just bring a lot of pleasure to the baby.

Do I need medicine?

With paratrophy, a pediatrician can prescribe a vitamin complex, which is necessary for a specific type of disease. You may also need medicines intended for the treatment of allergies, rickets, anemia.

Prevention of disease

Paratrophy in children is treated for a long time. Therefore, one should remember about the prevention of the development of this condition in the baby. Take care of this should be still in pregnancy: the use of a healthy woman will significantly reduce the likelihood of problems with excess weight in the child. After the birth of a crumb, it is also important to monitor his diet.

You can not neglect walks in the fresh air. Do not forget about the daily massage, as well as gymnastics. Useful not only for the prevention of paratrophy, but also for improving immunity, removing muscle tone, development of the child's respiratory system is swimming. The grown up kid should be interested in moving games, physical exercises.

It is important to observe and rest regime, a full sleep is an important condition for preserving and strengthening the health of a growing organism.

Interestingly, the described methods of prevention will also help prevent a disease associated with a body weight deficit. Hypotrophy and paratrophy in children - these are the conditions that arise as a result of eating disorders. Therefore, the use of healthy food and an active lifestyle are the key to the health of both adults and children.

Paratrophy in children has become an acute problem in all developed countries of the world. Overweight child leads to serious health problems in the elderly, in particular, to obesity. Moreover, the more neglected the disease, the more difficult it is to adjust. Among other things, the habits that have been ingrained since childhood lead to a deterioration in the patient's health with excess weight, the development of concomitant pathologies. At the same time adherence to elementary rules of diet and mobility allows to reduce practically to zero the risk of paratrophy. Therefore, young parents should pay special attention to these factors and take care of the health of their baby before birth.