The best fertilizer for garlic in the fall. Planting garlic in autumn: the timing

It is well known that garlic was grown even in ancient Egypt, this fact makes this vegetable a patriarch of cultural vegetable growing. Depending on the timing of planting, garlic is divided into spring and winter - the one that is planted in the fall, "under winter". It is this garlic that is most popular, as it ripens a couple of weeks earlier and has increased leavessness, if properly stored, the winter crop can be saved until next winter.

Winter garlic

All varieties of varieties can be conditionally divided into 2 groups: those who are firing and not firing. Of the first most popular varieties Promin, Spas, Dyushes, Prometheus, Zubrenok, etc., and from the second - Gribovsky Jubilee, Dubovsky, Gribovsky 60, Aleysky. If you are in doubt about what kind of variety belongs to one or the other, look carefully at the head: the shooter has from 5 to 12 large teeth located in one circle, and the non-trailing one has 14-30 small spirals. It is for non-sowing winter varieties that garlic is planted in autumn. Fertilizers, introduced into the soil, depend not only on the variety, soil type, but also on the timing of planting.

Optimum planting time

The best results are obtained by planting garlic in the fall. The planting dates may vary slightly depending on the weather conditions, but seasoned truck farmers advise planting garlic in the period from September 30 to October 20. Of course, if the autumn was warm and sunny, the time of planting can be slightly shifted, but it should be remembered that garlic should be well hardened to frost, but do not have time to germinate, otherwise the whole crop may die. The optimal t˚C should be at least 13-15˚C. At this temperature, planting garlic in autumn, soil fertilizers and other works on the site will bring not only pleasure, but also a good harvest.

Before planting it is necessary to prepare a site, remove the weeds and make the necessary additional fertilizing. What kind of fertilizer for garlic fits best, is difficult to say. It all depends on the quality of the soil you have on the site.

Preparing the soil

If you have sandy loam soil on your site, you are lucky - this culture loves it very much. Fertilizers for garlic in autumn are brought two weeks before planting, for this it is necessary to dig a bed to a depth of about 20 cm and make humus about 5-6 kg / m ² . Note that fresh manure can not be used in this case. If the soil on your site is clay, then you need to make peat in the amount of 1 bucket / m ² .

As fertilizer under the garlic in autumn in the soil also make potassium salt - 20 g / m ² and superphosphate - 30 g per m ² . And the loamy soil is also made with chalk, lime-lime or dolomite flour. But nitrogen fertilizers should not be used, they provoke the growth of the green mass of the plant, and for garlic the root part is the most important.

How to properly place garlic on a garden bed

It is not necessary to begin the planting of the crop immediately, but about a week after the application of the fertilizer. For garlic in autumn, it is very important to observe the rules of planting, since watering at this time of year is severely restricted and the teeth may not be well established.

The most common way to plant garlic in beds, done with a hoe, but you can do it in another way - to make a hole for each tooth. To do this, you need to take a metal tube or peg and punch holes of the required depth. When you use large teeth for planting, the holes should be 7 cm deep, and if the planting material is not too large, then 4-5 cm. Just before planting, pour a little wood ash into the hole - this will provide feeding your garlic until the very spring.

Whichever way you choose to plant, remember that the rows should be located at least 25 cm apart, and the gap between the teeth should be about 7-10 cm wide in the palm. Do not press the teeth too much - you can damage the bottom And they do not take root, it's better just to "put" them at the right depth and carefully sprinkle with earth.

Do I need to cook garlic and how to do it?

The day before planting, the heads of garlic should be disassembled on the teeth, it should not be done earlier - the teeth can drip out and partially lose their properties. Also, it is not necessary to irradiate the peel from the teeth, because some fertilizers for garlic in the fall are brought directly into the hole, and the seed can "burn".

Select for the landing the strongest and largest teeth, from small, weighing less than 3 g, a good harvest will not work. Note, if the entire head consists of two or three denticles, then it is not suitable for planting - it is a degenerate material, there will not be a crop.

For better rooting, you can soak the culture in a solution of common salt - 1 tbsp / 2 l of water, and then in a weak potassium permanganate solution. This will save the seedlings from many diseases. For the same purposes, you can use copper sulfate, 1% solution, or use ready-made preparations. Suitable "Fitosporin", "Screen", "Immunocytophyte", "Barrier".

Fertilizers for garlic in autumn and spring: when, where and how much

Autumn fertilization almost ends before the planting of garlic and is limited to the preparation of the soil layer. After planting the beds, it is recommended to cover up with thick grass, sawdust or plant tops. This will help to keep moisture longer and protect the plant from severe frost.

In early spring, as soon as the first shoots are pierced, garlic must be supplemented with urea solution at a rate of 1 tbsp. L / 10 liters of water. For one square. The meter should go about five liters.

A little later, in April, additional fertilizing should be made twice more. First time use a solution of chicken manure and nitroammofoski, the first one should take 0.5 liters, and the second one 1 st. Spoon. Mix all this into 10 liters of water. And at the end of the month, use a slightly different composition: 10 liters of water will need 1 tsp. Urea, 1 tbsp. L. Potassium sulfate and superphosphate double.

One of the main secrets of a good harvest is the foliar top dressing of garlic. It differs from the usual in that fertilizers are not poured into the root, but sprayed from above. Do this most often when the feathers begin to turn yellow. For foliar fertilizers use ammonium nitrate or urea, the concentration of the solution should be much less than usual. To spend foliar dressing it is necessary only in the evening, in cloudy weather, otherwise it is possible to "burn" the green mass.

Garlic loves friable soil and a complete absence of weeds, so the next day after applying fertilizer or watering the soil must necessarily loosen. By the way, if the weather was not too rainy, then the beds should be watered abundantly - this culture loves water. However, do not overdo it - excess watering is as harmful as drought.

Harvesting

Gather garlic when the pair of lower leaves has turned yellow or withered. The bulbs are pulled and, together with the leaves, are laid out on the ridges or suspended in bundles in a dry, blown room. As the stems dry up, the nutrients from them go to the bulb. Ready-to-store garlic is considered when he begins to rustle in his hands. He is tied up in braids or, after cutting off dry leaves, is folded in linen bags for later storage.