The author of the dictionary of the Russian language. Types of dictionaries

Who is Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl? Each schoolboy will answer that this person is the author of the dictionary of the Russian language. But not everyone knows that such informational books are intended not only for pupils and students. Vocabularies are used by experienced specialists in their field: teachers, philologists, translators and representatives of other professions. And because of their species there is a great variety. In this article, the main ones will be considered.

History

The speech is constantly changing. And the language spoken by people who inhabited the territory of modern Russia four hundred-five hundred years ago, significantly differs in grammatical and lexical composition. Lavrenty Zizaniy is the author of a dictionary published at the end of the 16th century. The next edition appeared in 1627. His author was Pamvo Berynd, and the purpose of this book was to interpret Old-Slavonic words and expressions. In 1704 Polikarpov-Orlov compiled the first translation dictionary, which included lexical units of three languages: Russian, Latin, Greek.

The phrase "author of the dictionary of the Russian language" is associated with the name of Vladimir Dal, because this man's work is the most significant in the history of Russian linguistics. In his book is more than two hundred thousand words. However, the first explanatory dictionary is usually called the Dictionary of the Russian Academy, which, however, is more etymological.

After Vladimir Dal, other outstanding philologists such as Grot, Ushakov, and Ozhegov also worked in this area. These surnames are familiar to everyone. And everyone uses the help of the Ozhegov dictionary, whose activities are at least somehow connected with the writing of texts.

Orthographic Dictionaries

The purpose of these dictionaries is to clarify the spelling of various lexical units. They do not contain interpretations of words, stable expressions or phraseological units. A spelling, general or branch can be a spelling dictionary of the Russian language. Authors - Ushakov, Ozhegov. Similar reference publications were also published under the editorship of such authors as OE Ivanova and VV Lopatin.

Explanatory Dictionaries

A few words have already been said about this variety of dictionaries. It should be added that such reference literature is intended not only to explain the meaning of a word or phrase, but also includes a stylistic or grammatical description, examples of use and other information.

The authors of the explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language:

• Lavrenty Zizaniy.
• Pamvo Berynd.
• Vladimir Dal.
• Dmitry Ushakov.
• Sergey Ozhegov.

The above list is made in chronological order.

Dictionaries of synonyms

A good knowledge of the language stylistics is, above all, the ability to correctly select words that are close in meaning. An insignificant semantic coloring can make a lexical unit inappropriate in one context or another. In order to avoid such difficulties, a special reference literature has been created. The author of the dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language, published in the XVIII century, is D. I. Fonvizin. But the work of this writer and playwright to work on modern text should not be used. It is better to resort to the publication on which the author of the Russian language dictionary, such as Kozhevnikov, worked.

Other types of dictionaries

Dictionaries can also be terminological, phraseological, grammatical. Such reference materials may consist solely of neologisms or foreign words. There are also highly specialized dictionaries. For example, researchers whose work is devoted to Dostoevsky's work compiled a dictionary of the language of this writer. This book includes words and phraseological units consisting of lexical units, which were most often used by the author of Crime and Punishment.

As for the translation dictionaries, every person who learns a foreign language should have several options in reserve. And at a certain level, when a sufficient lexical base is already accumulated, it is better to resort more often to the help of translational explanatory dictionaries.

Which of the publications must necessarily have on the bookshelf? Who is the best author of the dictionary of the Russian language? These questions are difficult to answer, because each selects for itself the necessary reference literature based on the nature of the activity. However, the dictionaries of Ozhegov and Ushakov must necessarily be in the possession of a student, student or any person who speaks Russian.