Gastev Aleksey Kapitonovich: biography and photos

Being a poet of the Bolshevik era, this man became an innovator in the system of managing the production process and the organization of labor. He attempted to develop a theory of industrial pedagogy, which once and for all negated the role of the psychology of handicrafts.

And Gastev Alexey Kapitonovich became famous in the field of versification. In addition, this person spent a lot of time helping ordinary people. His numerous scientific monographs are also relevant today for the cadre of managers trying to organize the work process competently. So who is he, Gastev Alexei Kapitonovich, and what is generally known about this, of course, a talented person? Let's consider this issue in more detail.

Years of childhood and adolescence

So, the hero of the article is Gastev Alexey Kapitonovich. The biography of this public figure, poet, revolutionary and labor organization theorist will certainly be useful, if only for general education.

He was born in the city of Suzdal. Gastev Aleksey Kapitonovich (date of birth - September 26, 1882) very early lost his father, who taught in a regular school. Left with her mother, who earned sewing clothes, he helped her from her childhood that her family did not fall below the poverty line. And, despite the difficult financial situation, the boy nevertheless went to school.

The prospect of becoming a teacher

Moreover, after the graduation Gastev Alexei Kapitonovich first goes to the school, and then becomes a student of technical courses. The young man shows diligence in his studies, so he has every chance to become a student of the Moscow Teachers' Institute, and he does not miss this opportunity. However, in his younger years, he was deeply involved in the revolutionary movement, so he did not finish the above-mentioned institution because of his exclusion from it.

The adherent of the ideas of revolution

At the age of eighteen Gastev Alexei Kapitonovich becomes an ardent activist in the political life of the country, supporting the "left radical" trends.

He replenishes the ranks of the RSDLP. Naturally, the young man gets into the field of view of the gendarmerie's staff and is subjected to numerous arrests and links, serving his sentence in the Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Tomsk provinces.

In between breaks he works as a worker at industrial enterprises in Kharkov, St. Petersburg. In 1906, the young man began to propagandize and support the trade union movement. Up to the October Revolution, Aleksei Kapitonovich, being at home in the status of an illegal immigrant, repeatedly disappeared from authorities abroad, particularly in Paris.

In 1907 Aleksei Kapitonovich Gastev, whose biography contains a lot of interesting and noteworthy information, joined the board of the Petrograd Union of Metalworkers and shortly thereafter became secretary of the Central Committee of this structure. But after the revolution, his emphasis in professional work shifted somewhat.

Niva of writing

At the beginning of the 20th century Alexei Kastonovich Gastev, whose photo had not yet appeared in the press, began to reveal his talent as a poet.

His debut work, which appeared on the pages of the press in 1904, was called "Behind the Back". It was a story about the difficult life of political activists who were subjected to exile in remote corners of the Motherland. After a while, collections of Gastev's works were published, the last of which was published in 1923 in Moscow.

New Horizons

In the early 20-ies, Alexei Kapitonovich gradually leaves the field of fiction and more and more begins to get involved in problems of work rationalization. He initiates the creation of the Central Institute of Labor (CIT) under the AUCCTU and he himself heads his offspring.

It is thanks to this structure that Gastev manages to realize all his plans set forth in scientific monographs. For the time that he headed the CIT, the ex-revolutionary managed to train his methods hundreds of thousands of cadres, and, according to the directors of the enterprises, they became the most competent specialists in their field.

The glory of the institution, headed by Alexei Gastev, began to spread at a tremendous speed, and soon the teachers of the CIT began to instruct cadres in the most remote regions of the USSR.

Topical issues of workflow organization

Naturally, in the 30s there were serious flaws In the system of labor organization in Soviet enterprises.

Just on them, and paid close attention Gastev Alexei Kapitonovich. "How it is necessary to work?" - that is the name of his scientific work devoted to the issues of competent planning of the work process. Its author stressed that a working person does not initially know how to work in a team, and often refuses to obey a person who is higher on the career ladder.

And, of course, sometimes the employee neglects the instruction, which comes from above, not seeing anything shameful in this. It is these problems that Gastev considers in detail, and, as practice shows, after reading the literature, a person really wants to become an executive and disciplined worker.

"Spontaneous debauchery is the root of evil"

The author believed, For the development of industrialization requires a revolution in culture. And cultural education will not have development if there is no struggle with "spontaneous promiscuity" and the planting of rules of everyday culture in society that regulate the regime of proper nutrition and rest, planning the day. But this alone is not enough to fix the situation.

It is necessary to improve the social and psychological atmosphere in society, which will allow the individual to control his behavior and emotions.

Lean thinking

In 1924, another fundamental work by Gastev was published. It is called "Labor Instructions". In this monograph Aleksei Kapitonovich analyzed in detail the teaching methods of labor theory of CIT.

His scientific doctrine became a prerequisite for the creation of modern principles of lean thinking. Gastev has published several methodological recommendations for the training of a number of specialists, including: a mechanic, textile worker, electrician, blacksmith, aviator, turner. In his study, the purpose of which was to train the workforce, Alexei Kapitonovich used the method of studying movements in the performance of a particular job.

As a tool for analysis, he chose cyclography (pictures of some elements of the movement of human organs involved in labor). Having achieved success in the conducted researches, he passed to the global retraining of specialists, having established the commercial company "Installation" for these purposes. The colossal experience of pre-war and post-industrial years, trips abroad to advanced enterprises, enabled the scientist to produce the theory of the Scientific Organization of Labor (NOT), the principles of which were adopted even by the US.

But Soviet officials were skeptical of Gastev's lean principles, and his scientific research, set out in a variety of monographs, was ignored by them.

In the early 30-ies, Aleksei Kapitonovich became editor-in-chief of the magazine "Bulletin of Standardization." He also worked in the print publications "Labor Force Setup" and "Labor Organization".

The scientist tried to perceive the world creatively. In his scientific works, he no longer deals with the themes of the world revolution and cosmopolitanism, he is more concerned with the problems of the common man. Their practical significance is enormous in today's time.

In 1938, the scientist was taken into custody according to a false denunciation by "chekists". And in 1939 Alexei Gastev was shot.