In science fiction films, robots are depicted as some futuristic creatures, capable of walking on two legs and thinking like people. However, the cinematographic sketches are not entirely accurate. In fact, we've been using robots for a long time, but they look a little different. These are looms of the beginning of the XIX century, cruise missiles of the Second World War, modern dishwashers. Even our alarm clocks are small works following the installed program to wake us up at the right time. However, as the history of robotics shows, we are not too far from the science-fiction reality. Here are the 5 most intelligent robots created by man in the last 50 years.
Eliza, 1966
Robot Eliza, one of the first virtual interlocutors, was developed by an expert in the field of artificial intelligence by Joseph Weizenbaum. The program of the American scientist imitates the therapist. Eliza is able to answer questions, and also ask them to the user. In fact, the program does not understand anything from what is heard and simply paraphrases the person's replicas. Nevertheless, Eliza was able to convince many of her interlocutors in the presence of her intelligence.
Virtual Creatures, 1994
Specialist in computer graphics and researcher Carl Sims created a group of virtual creatures that inhabited their own virtual universe. Thanks to genetic algorithms, they learned to swim, crawl, jump and compete with each other. Unfortunately, they were too concerned about their own virtual lives to talk to us.
Deep Blue, 1997
The Deep Blue supercomputer, developed by IBM, gained wide popularity after winning a six-game match with world chess champion Garry Kasparov. No robot has previously achieved such results. However, Deep Blue can not do without the help of programmers, and using only the basic methods of the theory of artificial intelligence, it can hardly fully reflect on its actions. After a crushing defeat, Garry Kasparov accused his opponent of unfair play and demanded a rematch, but the developer refused the chess player.
IBM Watson, 2011
IBM Watson became the first supercomputer to defeat a man in the American television game-quiz Jeopardy! A smart computer could understand the questions asked to it and find answers to them in a database of about 200 million pages with information totaling 4 terabytes. The car played against Ken Jennings, who set a record for the duration of the win-win series, and Brad Rutter, who received the biggest win in the intellectual show. IBM Watson won and won $ 1 million, while its rivals received 300 and 200 thousand, respectively.
Deep-Q Network, 2015
Deep-Q Network - development company DeepMind, which created the program AlphaGo, defeated champion of the Japanese strategic game go. Artificial Intelligence independently studied the rules of 49 classic Atari games, just looking at the screen and not getting any help from programmers. Deep-Q Network brilliantly coped with the majority of games. However, he was never able to surpass the man in the game Pac-Man. Deep-Q Network was able to learn the rules, but it was beyond his power to plan his actions for a few seconds ahead.