Tatar national costume (photo)

The Tatar folk costume passed a long way of historical development. Naturally, the clothes of the 8th-9th centuries differ significantly from the costume of the 19th century. But even in the modern one, one can meet national traits: an increasing number of people today are interested in history. In this article we will consider Tatar folk costumes. Their description will be given taking into account changes in time, territorial features. In addition, we will tell you about the decorations used by Tatars.

What can a costume tell us about?

Tatar folk costume (its features, features we describe below) can tell us a lot. Clothing is the most striking determining element by which people are referred to a particular nation. The costume also embodies the concept of the ideal image of a person who is the representative of a particular country. He can tell about age, individual characteristics, character, social status, aesthetic tastes of the person he is wearing. The historical memory of this or that people, its moral norms and the striving for perfection and novelty, which is natural for man, were intertwined in clothing at different times.

Features of the female costume of the Tatars

It should be noted that the national characteristics are most clearly traced in female costume. As the fair sex is more emotional, they have a greater need for beauty, their clothing differs not only among the Tatars of extraordinary singularity.

The female Tatar folk costume is distinguished by an exotic color scheme. It is characterized by a fitted silhouette, extensive use of longitudinal shuttlecock, three-dimensional colors in decoration, as well as jewelry and gimmicks.

The silhouette of Tatars' clothing is traditionally trapezoid. The Tatar folk costume is embroidered. It is also characterized by the eastern saturation of different colors, the use of many ornaments. Both female and male Tatar folk costume are decorated with beaver, sable, marten, black-brown fox, which were always highly appreciated.

The basis of the female and male national costume

The basis of the women's and men's suits is made up of pants (in Tartar - ystantin), as well as a shirt (kulmek). Commonly until the middle of the 19th century was a tunic-shaped ancient shirt that was sewn from a crossed straight piece of cloth, with gussets, without shoulder seams, with a cut on the chest and inserted side wedges. The shirt with the collar-stand prevailed among the Kazan Tatars. Tatarsky differed from others in width and length. It was very loose, in length - to the knees, never girded, had wide long sleeves. Only long was the difference between a woman and a man. The length of the female was almost to the ankles.

Sewing shirts from purchased expensive fabrics could afford only wealthy Tatars. At them they were decorated with a braid, a lace, multi-colored tapes, flounces. Tatar folk costume (female) as an integral part in antiquity included the lower breastplate (tesheldrek, kukrekche). He was wearing a shirt with a cutout to hide the chest opening when moving.

Yshtan (trousers) is a common form of waist Türkic clothing. As part of it included, as we have already noted, both the female and the male Tatar folk costume. Usually men's trousers were sewn out of the striped fabric (striped fabric) , and women wore mostly monophonic trousers . Smart wedding or festive men's were made of homespun fabrics with bright fine patterns.

Tatar Shoes

The oldest kind of shoes were Tatars leather boots, as well as shoes without a welt, similar to modern slippers, which were necessarily with socks bent up, because you can not scratch the mother earth with the toe of the boot. Wore them with canvas or cloth stockings, called tule necks.

Even in the times of the ancient Bulgars, the treatment of wool and leather reached a very high level . Safyan and yuft, made by them, were called "Bulgar goods" in the markets of Asia and Europe. This kind of shoes archaeologists find in the layers belonging to the 10th-13th centuries. It was already decorated with appliqué, embossing, and also with figured metal plates. Until now, boots-Ichigi - traditional soft shoes, very comfortable and beautiful.

Change of national costume in the late 19th century

The technology of making clothes changed at the end of the 19th century. The possibility of sewing production in large volumes provided the distribution of sewing machines. This was reflected immediately on the style of clothing: the Tatar folk costume changed. Functionality began to predominate in the male. It was achieved due to a partial loss of decorative color.

Chekmeni, Cossacks, jackets, a covering of fur coats was executed from various factory fabrics of dark shades. Gradually the Cossacks approached the coat. The clothes of the St. Petersburg Tatar with the national tied only a low standing collar. But the elderly continued to wear coats and Cossacks from colored Bukhara fabrics.

Men also refused from brocade Djilans. They began to be made of moderately bright silk and cotton monochrome materials of green, light brown, beige and yellow. Such Djilans, as a rule, were adorned with a hand-shaped figured stitch.

Men's hats

Fur hats with a flat top of cylindrical shape were very popular. They sewed completely out of scrawl, or from the fur strip of a sable, a marten, a beaver with a cloth bottom. Wore a cap with a cap skullcap, called kalyapush. It was made mainly of velvet dark shades and was both embroidered and smooth.

In men, as Islam spreads, the tradition has taken root to trim or shave off the mustache and beard, and shave his head. It was customary for the Bulgars to cover it with hats. They were described by Ibn Fadlan, a traveler who visited these tribes in the 10th century.

Also gradually becoming more practical and easy is the female Tatar folk costume. Cotton, silk and woolen fabrics are used, camisoles are made of brocade with a small pattern applied to it, and later - from velvet and brocade, more elastic materials.

Women's hats

In ancient times, the female headgear contained, as a rule, information about the family, social and age situation of its possessor. White soft kalfachki, knitted or woven, wore girls.

In their clothes also there are temporal and headdress ornaments - fabric strips with sewn pendants, beads, badges.

Female folk Tatar costume (photo above) as an obligatory part included a veil. In the tradition of his wearing reflected the pagan views of antiquity about the magic of hair, which later were fixed by Islam. According to this religion, it was recommended to cover the face, and also to hide the contours of the figure.

How did the Tatars wear a handkerchief?

In place of the veil in the 19th century came a handkerchief, which was a universal head-dress for almost the entire female population of our country at that time.

But women of different nationalities in different ways wore it. Tatarka, for example, they tied their heads tightly, pushing a handkerchief deep on the forehead and tied the ends on the back of the head. And now they wear it like that. Tatars in the beginning of the 20th century in St. Petersburg wore calfs that had decreased to about the size of tattoos, which were kept on the head with the help of small hooks sewn on the wrong side.

Only the calfac was worn by girls, married ladies on top of it threw out of the house, light veils, scarves, silk shawls. Until today, the Tatars have retained the habit of wearing a shawl, skillfully draping this piece of clothing with their figure.

This is how the Tatar folk costume looks. The coloring of it differs in many colors. The most common colors in national patterns are black, red, blue, white, yellow, brown, green, etc.

Jewelry of Tatars

Not only the people's Tatar costume, the photo of which was presented above, but also the decorations used by Tatars, is interesting. Women's jewelry was an indicator of the social status and wealth of the family. They were made, as a rule, from silver, inlaid with stones. At the same time, preference was given to a bluish-green turquoise, which, in the opinion of the Tatars, possessed a magical power. This stone was considered a symbol of a happy family life and happiness. The symbolism of turquoise is related to the eastern beliefs of antiquity: they are supposed to be bones of dead ancestors, whose correct contemplation makes a person happy.

Brown carnelian, lilac amethysts, rock crystal and smoky topaz are also often used. Women wore bracelets, rings, rings of various kinds, as well as knobs, various gate fasteners, called yak chylbyrs. Mandatory was at the end of the 19th century breast pocket, which was a synthesis of jewelry and amulet.

In the family, inheritance passed decorations, supplemented gradually with new things. Komeshche - the so-called Tatar jewelers - usually worked on individual orders. This led to a huge variety of items that have survived to this day.

How were the ornaments worn?

Tatarka has traditionally worn several of them at the same time - different chains with watches, pendants, and necessarily one with a suspended coronet. These ornaments were supplemented with brooches and beads. Having undergone small changes, many elements of Tatar jewelry were used by representatives of other nationalities.