Structure of the Russian Federation. Structure of federal authorities

The state is a complex political and legal structure that unites a large number of people. Initially, there were no powers on the planet at all. Their predecessors were tribal communities, which were built on a patriarchal basis. As it grew, such formations ceased to properly cope with the process of social regulation. That is, it was necessary to invent a new, more functional organization in its essence. Those are the states.

To date, there are a lot of similar structures in the world. They all function in different ways, however, they share similarities. For example, every state is governed by power. This phenomenon also has its own characteristics and structure. In the Russian Federation to date, the power structure consists of several interrelated elements, each of which carries its information about the state. Thus, this problem is of great importance for the activities of the Russian Federation as a state, which necessitates a detailed study of the phenomenon and its system.

Power: concept

The power structure of the Russian Federation is the initial concept and phenomenon of the classical form of government. Therefore, it is necessary, first of all, to analyze its features. According to modern scientific trends, power is a combination of ways and real opportunities to impose will to manage the activities of individuals, social groups, communities, etc. However, this phenomenon can be based on completely different theoretical and practical principles, and also use methods of a certain Character, for example, authoritarian, democratic, violent, dishonest, provocative, etc. The specific form of the classical form of power is state power.

Government power

Public administration implies a real possibility for the influential elite or political elite to manage the population of a particular country through the use of levers of a legal nature. Power in power is always based, first of all, on the law, that is, the current legislation, and can not go beyond it or contradict it. In addition, at present the state power has a clear structure, the existence of which is due to the rethinking of this category in the period of the New Time and the creation of certain principles on which the whole system of government is built in most states. In this case, the Russian Federation is no exception. The structure of power and the entire state structure of this country operate on the basis of certain provisions.

Principles of Russian State Power

To date, there are several basic principles of the functioning of the management system in the state. These include the following:

• Democracy. It implies the existence of a single source of the sovereignty of the state, which is the population. It, in turn, affects the country through special bodies.
• Federalism, means the federal structure of the territory.
• Political diversity is the permissibility of the existence of a large number of parties and movements.

Russia is a secular state, which excludes the existence of an official religion.

The principle of power sharing

The structure of the Russian government functions on the basis of the principle of separation of state administration. Not everyone understands what this idea is. It was designed by Charles Louis de Montesquieu and John Locke.

According to its provisions, the structure of power in any state should contain the legislative, executive and judicial segments. At the same time, the government of a country can not be concentrated in the hands of the ruling elite or one person (a monarch, a leader, a tyrant, etc.). This principle has found its application in almost all countries. Of course, some states have modified the principle of a three-level device, however, the idea as a whole has remained unchanged. To date, there are few examples of individual power.

Structure of the federal government of Russia

Today, the Russian Federation has developed a sufficiently functional, and, most importantly, an effective system of public administration. Its activities are based, firstly, on those principles that were mentioned earlier, and, secondly, on the democratic orientation of Russian politics. In addition, the structure of the federal government of the Russian Federation has also incorporated the provisions of the principle of the separation of state administration. In accordance with it, there are three main branches, namely: legislative, executive, judicial. On the basis of this situation, a whole structure of federal authorities functions in Russia, consisting of the following elements, namely:

• The Federal Assembly.
• Government of the Russian Federation.
• Courts of Russia.
• President of Russian Federation.

Of the elements presented, in fact, is the system and structure of government in the Russian Federation. They, in turn, are completely independent and perform specific functions.

System and structure of executive power

All three represented segments of government are important. In this case, each of them, performs its own functions. In this case, the activities of the executive are of great importance. With the help of this branch, in fact, the state policy is being implemented. The basis of the entire executive branch of government is the president and the government of the Russian Federation. Further federal executive power structures are combined into ministries and individual departments of different target orientation.

Among the functional tasks of the head of state is the protection of the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, the untouchability of its borders, independence, etc. In addition, the relevant normative acts and the Constitution impose on the president the duty to determine the direction of the external and internal political program. The Government of the Russian Federation, in turn, is the coordinating body headed by the chairman. In addition, the government actually manages the whole structure of ministries, federal services and agencies.

Legislative segment

The structure of the federal authorities contains three interrelated elements, as already mentioned earlier in the article. One of them is the legislative power. This segment exists for the systematization of the regulatory industry of the country and the development of official acts. In other words, the legislature issues laws. Its existence is necessary in order to ensure the legality and effectiveness of the constitutional principles of the state. Thus, the activities of the legislature are aimed at achieving certain goals, the implementation of which is entrusted to a separate government agency.

Federal Assembly - appointment and structure

According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the structure of public authorities includes the parliament. It is an elective collegial body that functions to ensure the legislative process. The Federal Assembly contains in its structure two elements, called chambers, namely: the upper (Federation Council) and the lower (the State Duma). The chambers are produced separately, but in some cases they can hold general meetings, for example, to hear the messages of the Constitutional Court or the President of the Russian Federation.

It should be noted that the Federal Assembly is a purely electoral body.

That is, its filling occurs at the expense of citizens of Russia, who nominate their candidates. However, each parliamentary chamber is replenished by members in completely different ways. For example, the Federation Council is formed at the expense of representatives from each state subject. The Duma, in its turn, consists of deputies who can become any person whose age is more than 21 years.

In its activities, the Federal Assembly issues federal and constitutional laws. Normative acts must be adopted by both parliamentary chambers, after which their actual extradition is allowed.

The judicial sphere of Russia

The structure of the RF authorities would not exist without the presence of a judicial branch. This is a fairly important segment, the basis of which is the whole system of relevant bodies. To date, the highest judicial bodies can be called the Supreme and Constitutional Courts.

These institutions deal with certain cases or disputes that arise in the legal field of the state. As a rule, judicial proceedings take place in the criminal, administrative, civil, economic spheres of human life. At the same time, the Constitution enshrines the following principle: only the system of bodies represented can exercise justice. The existence of other agencies with such activities is not allowed.

State management in the territory of the subjects of the federation

It should be noted that the structure of power has a specific form, if we are talking about the subjects of the federation. Territorial entities of the state are managed through their own bodies. At the same time, the delimitation of federal and local power occurs at the level of the Constitution. In addition, the issue of local self-government is quite interesting. According to the provisions of the Constitution, this sphere of regulation does not belong to any branch of power and is a completely independent entity. Its main goal is nothing more than the provision of normal vital activity of the territorial group of the population.

Conclusion

So, the article presented the structure of public authorities in the Russian Federation, which exists today. It should be noted that its activities are effective, given the characteristics of the modern world. But theoretical and practical innovations in this area are necessary if we want to build a truly democratic state.