Spermatogenesis is what?

Spermatogenesis is a complex process in the body of a man, during which the formation of spermatozoa from gonocytes (primary sex cells) occurs. It is during the period of adolescence that its intensive stage of development begins, and the process itself continues until old age. A full separate cycle of sperm development occurs on average once in 3 months.

It is in the semen is the genetic material of the man. In addition, any stage in the life of the stronger sex affects his fertility. Therefore, to the process in which cells of spermatogenesis are formed, one should be treated with all seriousness.

An interesting fact: every day in the testicles there are about 200 million spermatozoa, and the viable ones are half as much, which is about 100 million spermatozoa.

Phases

This process, so indispensable for the normal functioning of the male body, is divided into 3 key phases of spermatogenesis:

• The initial stage of development is called mitosis. During this period, there is a proliferation of stem cells located in the sex glands, which are called testes.
• During the second stage, a certain proportion of cells are transformed into first-order spermatocytes. Then their number increases, and after a short period they enter the phase of the first meiosis.
• At the next stage of the process, cells called spermatocytes of the second order appear. Spermatids form from them. And already they are transformed into spermatozoa as a result of certain changes.

Functions of Sertoli cells

Spermatogenesis is a process during which cells are in close association with Sertoli cells that perform the following functions:

• Create an optimal environment for the development of "tadpoles" environment;
• Produce a fluid that participates in the functioning of the testicles;
• Transport oxygen and nutrients to the cells;
• Synthesize a binding protein that transports testosterone to cells of spermatogenesis.

In general, the process of spermatogenesis is quite long and difficult, and its productivity depends on the work of the whole organism. If a man is healthy, then he, accordingly, has good sperm. What does this mean? Quality sperm contains a large number of viable spermatozoa.

Another characteristic of spermatogenesis

The division of chromosomes in this period deserves special attention. When the transformation of the spermatocyte occurs, 46 chromosomes are divided into two parts. Thus, out of the chromosomes that parents pass, 23 of them go to one cell of the spermatid, and the other half to another. Accordingly, the future fetus has 50% of the data from the father and 50% of the mother.

Factors that affect the process of spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is a process that depends on the influence of the environment. Not surprisingly, at each stage of development, spermatozoa can be affected by adverse factors.

First of all, the main factors for this unique process are the temperature and the influence of the environment, in addition, the lifestyle that the man leads is important.

The acceptable temperature for spermatogenesis is 34 ° C. It is interesting that in the male scrotum such a temperature is maintained mainly because of the correct blood flow.

Sometimes, even due to high body temperature during a minor illness, sperm counts may deteriorate significantly. Experts do not advise cars to use seat heating, as this too can provoke a deterioration in the quality of sperm.

In addition to temperature, the survivability of spermatozoa is influenced by other factors.

Stress, antibiotics, steroids, hormonal failure - all this can affect the important male function and quality of sperm. Therefore, before the conception of the child is not recommended to take any medications, nervous, use steroids.

What does spermatogenesis in men depend on?

Even because of the polluted air in the atmosphere, the speed of movement of spermatozoa can decrease. And prolonged and constant contact with chemical preparations can become an occasion of temporary infertility.

If for a long period a couple does not get a baby, then first check the man. He takes semen for analysis, which is called a "spermogram".

Health indicators of spermatozoa

With the normal development of the male body, the amount of sperm per ml of sperm should be approximately 20 million. The number of capable spermatozoa should be equal to half of their total number. But even in a healthy body there may be inactive spermatozoa, which is not a deviation.

Numerous studies have shown that the quality of sperm often depends on the somatic diseases of men. For example, heart and vascular diseases, high blood pressure and even skin ailments worsen spermatogenesis cells.

Australian scientists found that daily intimacy affects the quality of sperm. Those who followed this recommendation found that the level of damaged DNA decreased by 20%. The researchers explained this by the fact that with the abstinence of the sperm DNA is injured, and with regular sex, such defects are not detected.

Although for successful conception, some doctors recommend several days to refrain from sexual intercourse. This is done in order to increase the concentration of active and viable spermatozoa.

Stimulation of spermatogenesis

World statistics to date is such that the percentage of men suffering from infertility is high enough. Every second individual is for a certain period or is permanently sterile. And this is a real problem, since without sperm, even the procedure of extracorporeal fertilization is impossible. A survey of infertility in men does not take much time, unlike the female half of humanity. Do not be afraid of doctors, because it affects the ability to have children.

Therefore, it is so important to seek medical help on time. The doctor will advise the implementation of certain activities aimed at stimulating spermatogenesis.

Spermatogenesis is a process that is difficult to reconstruct. To begin with, a man will have to undergo a complete examination with specialists and pass a spermogram - a detailed analysis of the ejaculate, which is used to establish a man's fertility, the detection of diseases and hormonal disorders. Also, sperm production can be increased by observing a certain methodology, which includes medical procedures and medications. The latter include gonadotropins - hormones that regulate the function of the sex glands.

The effect of hormones on the body will be discussed in detail below.

Basic principles of recovery of spermatogenesis

Restore the male function is possible and simple methods that do not require costly effort. Here are some of them:

• Adherence to the optimal temperature regime: the testicular should not be overheated;
• Refusal from bad habits (smoking, drinking of alcoholic beverages);
• Correct nutrition, which excludes harmful products for men;
• Rejection of products that contain additives and flavor enhancers;
• It is not recommended to work with toxic substances;
• Rejection of antibiotics and antihistamines. And in general, during the recovery of spermatogenesis, it is better to refrain from using any medications.

What has a positive effect on spermatogenesis? Of course, proper nutrition plays an important role in this process.

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Certain foods contain vitamins that help to maximize the fertility of the stronger sex. In particular, they include:

• Avocado. It contains vitamins E and B6, as well as folic acid. They set up the work of the hormonal system and increase the libido.
• Green peas and asparagus. Vitamin C, which is contained in these products, increases the mobility of spermatozoa.
• Tomatoes, red grapefruit, watermelon. Their ingredient is lycopene, which increases the activity of "tadpoles."
• Pumpkin seeds, oatmeal, eggs, oysters, nuts. Zinc, which is contained in them, increases the amount of sperm.
• Garlic. Selenium, included in its composition, protects spermatozoa from damage and improves blood circulation.
• Ginger. It affects the stimulation of sperm production.

Particular attention should be paid to foods that contain folic acid. It is indispensable in the process of spermatogenesis. In large quantities, folic acid is found in citrus, beetroot, pumpkin, corn, lentils, beans. It turns out that you can adjust your diet so that the quality of the sperm will improve over time.

What prevents the normal process of spermatogenesis?

Alcohol increases the level of female sex hormones. Therefore, if a reproductive function is important for a man, he should stop using alcohol. Smoking also adversely affects the process of sperm formation.

It is not recommended to use cabbage, wheat bran and cruciferous vegetables, which also contribute to the production of estrogens. The fatty food is also very dangerous. Fried meat, mayonnaise, lard, ice cream are real enemies for the male reproductive system.

All this can provoke a violation of spermatogenesis.

It is interesting that the number of spermatozoa decreases in the autumn and winter periods, and in the summer they become more mobile. Therefore, according to statistics, conception passes more in the summer, rather than in winter.

Unique data on spermatozoa

• With a one-time ejaculation, about half the spoon of semen comes out.
• The head of the spermatozoon consists of an acrosome. This membrane vial contains the strongest chemicals that can dissolve the egg shell to get into it.
• After ejaculation, spermatozoa can live in the body of a woman up to 7 days.
• The sperm speed during the ejaculation period is about 70-80 km / h.
• With IVF (in vitro fertilization), a dead sperm can create a live child. This is explained by the fact that with such a fertilization, only the DNA inside it is important.
• Spermatozoa are formed every day without interruption.
• "Tadpoles" are moving against the current due to a spiral "tail".

Conclusion

In specialized clinics, hormonal stimulation of spermatogenesis is carried out. However, it does not always give a stable and permanent result. Sometimes medications suppress some innate processes in the body. Gaining hormonal reinforcement from the outside, the brain will no longer want to produce its own testosterone. And from this the characteristic of spermatogenesis will only worsen.

Interestingly, when a man is in love for a long period, his brain starts producing a huge amount of hormones for the glands, from which many processes throughout the body, including spermatogenesis, are improved. You can advise men to improve their fertility more to love their second half.