Soil: preparation for planting of vegetable and berry crops. Soil preparation in autumn

Autumn fertilization in the soil can significantly increase yield, but this is not the whole range of measures that require soil. Preparation is divided into several stages, performing which, you can achieve stunning results throughout the following period.

Autumn preparation of soil

Processing the land in autumn, you can significantly increase yield. It is only necessary to carry out all the steps in a strict sequence. Start work immediately after harvesting all vegetables: in late September - early October. It is important to proceed to it before the onset of cold season and before the beginning of autumn rains. Immediately after harvesting tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, it is necessary to loosen the ground with the help of rakes. This will enable weed seeds to germinate.

After a lapse of two weeks after loosening, when there are shoots of weeds, the ground needs to be dug. During this process, the bear and many other pests are destroyed. Do not be afraid of young grassy grass. Many species of weeds die completely when the upper part of the plant is destroyed. When cleaning the soil surface in autumn, many pathogens and pests die. Preparation in this period is especially important. To dig a soil it is necessary on depth of a fertile layer (20-25 sm), trying, that the barren layer has not got on a surface.

But if the earth contains a large amount of clay or the site was launched and a large quantity of weeds has grown on it, it can not do without fall in both autumn and spring. Of course, if you want to have a rich harvest!

Komja the earths formed after digging in the autumn, it is not necessary to break. Left in this form for winter soil is better saturated with air, less compacted. During winter frost clods of earth freeze, destroying the remaining larvae, pests, pathogens and root system of weeds.

Fertile soil: preparation

The soil, in which there is a large number of earthworms, is considered more fertile due to the fact that these creatures saturate it with humus. If the top layer does not have a continuous cover of weeds, then the ground can not be dug up, it is quite enough loosening. Sometimes such a site is planted in autumn with winter rye. This helps to prevent leaching of nutrients from the upper layer and creates favorable conditions for the formation of humus.

Spring soil preparation

On loose ground, which was dug up in autumn, in the spring the snow melts much faster, therefore, it's possible to start the season earlier. Komya, breaking up into small fractions, freely pass water. As a result, loose and fertilized soil forms. Preparation in the early spring does not take much time - it will only be necessary to grind large clods, and you can start planting plants. It is better to do this after the earth dries and starts to lag behind the surface of the shovel.

Greenhouse: soil care

If there is a greenhouse in the summer cottage, then there are a number of measures that should be taken in the fall. Since the air in the greenhouse is warm and fairly humid, this creates certain conditions for the development of all sorts of microorganisms - pathogens. Preparation of soil in the greenhouse should be carried out in the autumn, because this time is the best for cleaning from undesirable pests.

First you need to remove all the remains of leaves and weeds, and then disinfect the soil. To do this, apply copper sulfate (one tablespoon per ten liters of water), which must be added to the ground. It is necessary to carry out such procedures with great care, and if there is not enough experience, it is better to use another method. To do this, it is necessary to remove the top layer of the earth (5-6 cm) and take it out of the greenhouse. This allows you to get rid of the seeds of weeds, larvae and other pests. And then add the missing layer with manure, compost, sand and tree leaves. After that, the soil is dug, thus evenly mixing with the fertilizers.

On the walls of the greenhouse, as a rule, there is a multiplication of all kinds of fungi and mold. To get rid of them, you need to do fumigation with sulfur.

How to get a good harvest of strawberries

The preparation of the soil for planting strawberries includes site selection and soil treatment. Fans of this berry should know that in a sandy area such a culture will grow poorly, since it has an upper root system, which in summer will simply overheat and wither. On a land in which there is a lot of clay, it is also problematic to get a good harvest, because the roots will not have enough oxygen. The quality of the soil can be improved by adding humus. It is better for strawberries to prepare beds, the height of which is 10 centimeters, and the distance between them is up to half a meter.

Soil preparation for strawberries in August

This berry grows in one place up to 4 years, so the preparation of the land may require some effort. At once it is necessary to get rid of all weeds, after all after landing on weeding it is necessary to spend many forces. Having decided on a place, it is necessary to dig a ground and carefully choose all the roots. It should be borne in mind that this berry is sun-loving, and in the shade of trees you can not count on the harvest.

Soil preparation, namely the selection of all weeds, is a rather tedious process. This same problem can be solved by applying herbicides ("Tornado", "Hurricane"). After spraying, after 10 days, the site is dug up, and with the help of rakes, the dead plants are removed. Then the land is fertilized and embarked on planting seedlings. Preparation of soil for strawberries in August with subsequent planting Allows the next year to get the first harvest.

Crop rotation with strawberry planting

When the crops are grown on the backyard, the maintenance of the fertility of the land is ensured. Also, the number of pests and the likelihood of diseases are significantly reduced. With long-term growing in the same place of the same crops, "fatigue" of the soil occurs, yields decrease. Each plant species is affected by certain diseases. Cultivation in one place leads to the accumulation of pathogens and a powerful damage to the planted crops.

Therefore, the preparation of soil for strawberries should be carried out taking into account what was growing on this site before. It is not recommended to plant this berry after potatoes, tomatoes, aubergines and cabbage. The most favorable place where carrots, onions, peas, garlic, beets grew.

Preparing the plot for raspberry

When you are going to plant a raspberry, remember that you need to choose the right site. After all, this plant forms many branches, loves fertile soil and sunlight. It is not desirable to plant berries on open, windy, low and wet areas, and between rows of trees. The most successful is the location along the fence.

Due to the fact that raspberries are quite exhausted and can grow in one place for up to ten years, it is necessary to fertilize the soil well before planting. A good effect is provided by organic fertilizers, which can be mixed with compost and ash. Soil preparation in autumn is the most optimal option. First, dig it up and remove the roots of the weeds, then distribute it evenly over the fertilizer surface and re-dig.

The necessary amount of nutrients depends on the soil. If the plot is poor, then it is necessary to add 10 kg of organic matter to each square meter, as well as 30 g of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. In the fertile soil should be added 10 kg of organic fertilizers and 20 grams of phosphorus and potash. Plant raspberries spend in the spring.

Planting raspberries in the same place: features

If you need to remove the old plant shrubs and plant new ones, then the preparation will take much longer. First remove the old bushes and fertilize the soil. In the next two years, it is necessary to plant a variety of vegetables: beets, carrots, cucumbers, onions, radish. In the planting year, crops are also planted, which are removed early (salad, dill, onions), and then prepare the land. It is on this soil that raspberry will most effectively grow. Soil preparation and proper crop rotation Will provide a good harvest for ten years.

Autumn preparation of the earth is the guarantee of a good harvest of potatoes

To obtain a good harvest of this crop requires a loose earth. To do this, it is necessary to dig a deep section in the fall. Do it better in the middle of September - the end of October. Large clods of land should not be crushed. During winter frost, pest larvae will be destroyed, and the land will acquire the necessary looseness, which will provide optimal conditions for the development of potatoes. In the spring, fertilizers should be applied to the site and, with the help of rakes, they should be embedded in the ground, while the surface is leveled and the large clods of soil remaining after winter are crushed.

It is necessary to know that the soil must support the activity of microorganisms throughout the growing season. This can be achieved by introducing organic, phosphoric and potassium fertilizers into the soil. Adding several types of nutrients, involves the embedding first of one name, and a week later. The introduction is carried out after melting snow, as it has a negative effect on the microflora. The fulfillment of these requirements allows the competent conduct of an event such as soil preparation. Potatoes should be planted after the soil has dried sufficiently.

If planting is carried out in too moist soil, its looseness decreases and the probability of loss of nutrients increases. During the growth of the potato, the intake of air must also be maintained by applying hilling.

Autumn is the time of planting garlic

The autumn season is characterized not only by preparing the soil for the next season - this is the most favorable time for planting garlic and onions. The main advantages of sowing for the winter:

• Plants are hardened in winter in a natural way;
• Before harvesting.

The optimal time for landing is mid October, but before the first frost. This time ensures that in the case of short-term warming, garlic does not start to germinate prematurely.

Soil preparation should be started one month before the planned planting and include all necessary measures. First you need to make fertilizer (humus and ash), and then the ground is dug. After a lapse of 30 days, you can start planting.

Selecting the place of disembarkation

It is important to choose the correct landing site. You can not put onions and garlic every year on the same plot. The most favorable place is after the legumes, nightshade, cabbage. Autumn planting provides the formation of a powerful root system, for this the depth should not exceed 5 cm. Also, do not press bulbs or denticles heavily into the ground.

Autumn preparation of beds for cucumbers

Every gardener knows that in the spring there is a lot of work on the garden, so that the autumn soil preparation makes it much easier. Cucumbers are very demanding on humidity and temperature. Therefore, when choosing a site, it is necessary to take into account all the nuances.

The first stage of land preparation includes treatment from possible diseases. To do this, it is necessary to "disinfect" the soil with copper sulfate, the concentration of which should be one tablespoon per 10 liters of water. A week after this, compost is poured into the soil and it is closed. In the autumn, you can use unripe compost. Good results are obtained by manure application. The most optimal for the cultivation of cucumbers are the soils containing sand and characterized by high acidity.

When selecting a site, it is necessary to take into account the crop rotation. The best option is if, before that, tomatoes, potatoes, cabbage, onions grew on the beds. It is not necessary to plant cucumbers after zucchini, watermelons, pumpkins. This is due to the fact that these plants take from the soil the same nutrients, and are prone to the same disease and pests. Prepared in autumn, the site must be loosened up. Until the seedlings or seeds are planted in the ground, weeds should be regularly removed. The soil, the preparation of which is the basic condition of a plentiful harvest, should be generously fertilized and loosened. The implementation of these simple rules, as well as the observance of the crop rotation, allows to keep an exemplary garden even for beginners.