Signs of cold steel and its classification. Under what conditions is the knife not a cold steel

Nowadays, on the shelves of arms stores and in the frequent collections of people, there are countless weapons, including a cold one. What exactly is the last category from this? How does the object distinguish dangerous, maybe even deadly, from ordinary, everyday? Now we will consider the signs of cold steel, which are clearly fixed by GOSTs, as well as laws of our country. Also consider the classification of these items and their varieties.

What is cold steel?

This term means objects that, as a rule, refer to sports, hunting, and military spheres. They are characterized by the fact that their work is not related to flammable or explosive substances, electricity or gas. In general, an object that can cause severe injuries or even death is a cold weapon. The signs and classification will be given below. Conditionally, weapons of this type are divided into two categories - manual and missile. Among the species that existed and exist today, it is possible to list the following: contact, flung, blade, shock, pylon, chopping, cutting, piercing, shock-shattering.

Brief description of the section

All the parameters that will be given below are for piercing and cutting items that are manufactured both in the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad. For example, the signs of a knife at a knife will extend to any kind of this product, regardless of the place of production, the specific or dated date of manufacture and its history. The same goes for the manufacturer himself. Signs of cold weapons in accordance with GOST will be distributed as a factory product, as well as a homemade knife, dagger, sword, etc. In case of a controversial situation (on the border, in the police and similar places), the expert will proceed strictly from the parameters of the subject matter You have, comparing them with generally accepted standards. Thus, there will be signs of cold weapons in your knife or blade, or still not - this verdict will solve the problem. Therefore, initially we decided to present a classification of those subjects that go beyond the scope of our described category.

The blade is not suitable for a shot

In cases where the knife is not a cold steel, the following apply:

• The product does not have a point.
• If the point is located above the line of the butt more than 5 mm.
• The deflection of the line of the butt exceeds the mark of 5 mm, while the length of the blade is 180 mm.
• If on the product more than 1/3 from the point there is a hook for ripping.
• The blade of a particular knife has a length of less than nine cm.
• The blade of the product is thicker than 6 mm.
• The blade of the blade of the product is not sharpened or completely absent.

The handle does not meet certain standards

Now let's look at the features of a knife that is not a cold weapon, if it has a point, the required length, and the corresponding parameters. A very important part of such weapons is the handle, which ensures reliable fixation of the weapon by hand. If there are any problems in it, or if its dimensions are too small or too large, then a particular item falls out of the category of cold weapons. So, we list the main points on this topic:

• The handle is shorter than 70 mm.
• The handle is barrel-shaped, the difference between its maximum and minimum diameter is not more than 8 mm.
• The sub-groove has parameters less than 5 mm.
• If there are more than one handle on the handle or limiters, the value of each should not exceed 4 mm.
• The hardness of the blade does not meet the standard of 25 HRC.
• The handle of the plug is broken or broken.
• The blade is weakly embedded in the handle, staggers or falls out of it.
• The blade is made of a material that does not provide sufficient strength (aluminum, plastic, etc.).

Specific examples

Well, we got acquainted with the standards and parameters, and then we will consider which knives are not cold weapons, as they are called and where they are used. The most common characteristic is that the knife may not have a point. It is replaced by something like a screwdriver or a chisel. An example is the knife Pirat HK5696, the point of which is specially made in the form of a screwdriver. It is blunt and has a width of more than 3 mm. A similar situation can be traced to a knife blade called Katran-1. Its plane also exceeds the required parameter - 3 mm, and the blade is blunted. These items could be included in the category of "knives for survival", but only for one feature they turn into ordinary household products.

A well-known weapon, which in fact is not

So what knives are not cold weapons on other grounds? The brightest representative of this category is a blade in the style of "Tanto". Its point is higher than the line of the butt, and this value exceeds the 5 mm mark, which immediately excludes it from the category of cold steel. The same situation can be traced in the parameters of the knife "Vityaz-Cayman". The length of its blade is 210 mm, while the point is located above the line of the butt more than 5 mm. Another characteristic that excludes a knife from the rows of cold weapons is the presence of a hook for ripping, if it is located on the butt no further than 1/3 from the point. A bright representative of this category is a product called "Sapsan" from the company Nox. Also it is worth noting that you can see all the signs of a cold weapon from a knife, but if its shank and tip converge at an angle of 70 degrees or more, it also falls out of this category.

Signs of cold steel. Parameters and characteristics of knives

We have just learned what features make it possible for knives and similar objects to leave the category of cold steel. Now on the reverse side of the coin. In turn, we will paint 5 signs of cold steel, which are established by the laws of the Russian Federation. In fact, they are the same in all CIS countries, as well as many foreign powers, but everywhere there are exceptions. These characteristics strictly separate knives for household and weapon. Of these, the second you just do not buy in the store, if you do not have a specific permission. Also note that there are two regulatory documents that regulate the signs of cold steel in Russia. This is GOST R51548-2000 "Knives for Survival" and GOST R51500-99 "Knives and Daggers of Hunting". Well, we move on.

Length

If the knife or any other cutting product is included in the category of cold weapons, the length of its blade should be clearly 90 mm, not less. This value is measured starting from the base of the handle and ending with the extreme point of the point of the knife. It does not matter if one centimeter is missing this mark or only one millimeter - in both cases it will not be considered a cold steel. Measure the length of the blade can be a simple ruler or centimeter. This criterion is the most important in the evaluation of piercing and cutting objects.

Thickness

If we are talking about the signs of a cold steel in a knife in Russia, then it is impossible to miss such a parameter as the thickness of its blade. It is measured by the height of the butt - that is, the side opposite the point. In order to be considered a knife with a cold weapon, the thickness of the butt should be at least 2.6 mm, but not more than 6 mm. This value is measured by the thickest part of the blade, even if it is uneven. Let's also note that in our country there is a certain value - 2.4 mm, on which many manufacturers of knives rely. It is all heard because there is a law that allows you to carry knives, the thickness of the blades which does not exceed this mark. They are not considered in our country as cold weapons, so they can buy and carry with them without breaking the law.

Hardness

As mentioned above, if the knife blade does not have a certain hardness or is made of soft material that can not provide the desired cutting effect, it is considered a household item. The signs of a cold steel are mainly a steel blade whose density also matters. In our country, this figure should be at least 42 units according to Rockwell. The degree of hardness of steel can be indicated on the blade itself, and if there is no such mark, then there is a special device for determining this value.

Trauma safety handle

This sign is understood as the presence of a limiter or its analogue - a pierced recess, which as if separates the handle of the knife from its cutting part. According to these criteria, the signs of cold weapons are in the presence of one limiter, whose height of the protrusion is 5 mm. If there are two, then their total height should be equal to this indicator (that is, each 2.5 mm each). With regard to the sub-groove, if it is alone, its depth should also be equal to 5 millimeters. When there are two, three or more, the depth of each should be exactly 4 mm. And do not forget that the main function of the limiter or seizure is to protect the arm of the master of the weapon from the blade from which it consists.

Sharpness

To determine this criterion, you can focus on GOSTs. It is also possible to adopt general human concepts. Determine the signs of cold steel in Russia unpretentiously: it is believed that a well sharpened knife easily cuts a birch branch, the thickness of which varies within 10-12 mm. In this case, the cut remains smooth and smooth, without splinters, unevennesses, etc. But if one starts from the universal concepts, then a well sharpened knife is determined by the deduced and thin edge, which, at the slightest contact with the affected body or objects, can damage its surface.

Steel arms. Signs and classification in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation

Based on our legislation, cold steel is divided into different types depending on the type of use, purpose, purpose for which it is acquired, and also on the basis of its own characteristics and characteristics. Among these types, there are three main types:

• Combat. It happens by hand and rifle. It is used to solve operational-operational or combat tasks, only if the case allows its application in accordance with the law of the Russian Federation on the use of cold steel. It is most often found in state and private military organizations.
• Official. It is carried with them by representatives of law enforcement agencies, civil servants, as well as legal entities that have the permission to do so.
• Civic. The right to carry this type of cold steel can, in fact, get every citizen of the Russian Federation. It is used for hunting, sports, self-defense, etc.

Restrictions on cold steel in Russia

A number of certain tools that can inflict injury or death to the victim are prohibited in our country. This means that even if you have permission to carry and purchase a blank weapon, you do not have the right to buy these items legally, let alone use them. These rules apply to civilians as well as to all civil servants. Among those things that are not legally implemented in Russia, let's name:

• Knuckles, shuriken, kisteni and boomerangs. These guns are considered to be a historical and social memo rather than an object of defense. To their category, you can also include all other impact-crushing objects and propelling. An exception is the sports throwing core.
• It is forbidden to store and use knives, the blade of which is automatically removed from the handle, while its length exceeds the mark of 90 cm.

Also note that in Russia it is forbidden to send cold steel by mail. It is not allowed to take such items with them to meetings, rallies, demonstrations. However, the rules apply only to cold weapons, and not all items that can be similar to it.