Semen Danilovich Nomokonov: biography, awards, memory. Snipers of the Great Patriotic War

The victory in the Great Patriotic War was achieved as a result of a fierce, bloody struggle. Millions of Soviet servicemen, officers and soldiers died on the fronts. As a result of the fascist aggression civilians fell by the throats. The heroes of the war were many defenders. SD Nomokonov is a sniper who destroyed enemy soldiers and officers in the west and east. During the war in the USSR, great attention was paid to training specialists in an accurate shot. In the Struggle Against Fascism The outcome of any confrontation depended not only on the experience and correct tactics of conducting combat by the commanding staff of the army, company, battalion, but also a separately taken fighter. In a real battle, the command issued special tasks, which could only be performed by a sniper. Rifle Was the main combat weapon of experts of an accurate shot.

Outstanding snipers of wartime

Snipers of the Great Patriotic War made an invaluable contribution to the overall victory over fascist Germany. The skill of sniper's work was subject only to the best of the best. It was important to be able not only to shoot accurately at the target, but also to withstand hours of waiting, frosts, snowstorms, rains, heat, to be able to observe, provide camouflage at the place of the ambush. From the outcome of each sniper duel depended the outcome of the whole operation and life of dozens, hundreds of Soviet soldiers and officers.

Snipers of the Great Patriotic War had different nationality and religion, but each of them aspired to destroy as much as possible the German invaders. Often snipers from the shelter managed to destroy a significant number of enemy soldiers in one battle. According to official statistics, snipers, included in the top ten by the number of destroyed units of enemy force, destroyed more than 4,200 people, and the first 20 - more than 7,500 officers and soldiers.

Famous Evenks of the War

Representatives of the small and indigenous peoples of the USSR took a direct part in the fighting on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. The well-known Evenks who particularly distinguished themselves in the battles were also snipers: Ivan Nikolayevich Kulbertinov, Semen Danilovich Nomokonov, Togon Sanzhievich Sazhiev, and others. Many of them repeatedly proved their loyalty to the Motherland, fighting fiercely with the enemy.

Childhood and the family of SD Nomokonov

Semen Danilovich Nomokonov - the sniper-legend of the Great Patriotic War. He was born in 1900, on August 12, in the village of Delun (Transbaikalian region, Sretensky district). He was baptized at the age of 15, after which he received the name of Semyon. By nationality Evenk. From an early age he lived in taiga and forest. He was a hereditary hunter, skillfully owned a gun from the age of nine and already then received the nickname "Kite's Eye".

He married at the age of 19, settled with his wife on the bank of the river Urulga in birch bark. Six children appeared in the world. In order to feed and maintain everyone, Nemokonov was engaged in hunting. However, a great misfortune came to the family: one after another, four sons and one daughter died from the scarlet fever. Not coping with the loss, soon died and the wife of Semen Danilovich. The tragedy happened when Semyon Danilovich was on the fishing ground, he found out about it only after returning home. Only Vladimir's son remained alive, who was still young and needed care, so in 1928 Semyon married for the second time. The wife gave birth to Nomokonov two daughters and six sons. His chosen one was a lonely girl, Marfa Vasilievna. She insisted on settling in the commune "Dawn of a New Life." Since that time, Nomokonov began to work as a carpenter in the taiga village of Nizhny Stan, where in 1941 he was mobilized in the Red Army by the Shilkin regional military enlistment office.

Mobilization to the Red Army

When the Great Patriotic War began, Semyon Danilovich was 41 years old. In the Chita region, he was enlisted in the evacuation platoon of the 348th Infantry Regiment. According to documents - a book of the Red Army soldier - he was listed as an illiterate carpenter, and in the column "nationality" it was noted: "Tungus-Hamnegan". By this time he managed to live a difficult life. But the service was not easy at the front either. The reason for this was the national origin of the fighter. Because of the language barrier, Nomokonov did not always correctly understand the orders, so the commanders did not want to send him into battle with the rest of the soldiers. He was transferred to the field kitchen, but soon the chef drove off Semyon, because he cut the bread incorrectly. After that, Nomokonov received from the commander another penalty because of the fact that when packing outfits he constantly confused dimensions.

In one of the battles in the first days of August 1941, Semen Danilovich was injured, but within a few days he was able to stand up, although he still did not hear well. By order of the chief surgeon "Evenk" of the non-Hegean type from Siberia was directed to the manufacture of crutches. Russian colleagues released mocking phrases that Nomokonov understands only the command "for dinner" and sleeps on the go.

The unit under the command of sergeant Smirnov, in which the Red Army soldier Nomokonov was transferred, took its first fight on August 16, 1941, easily repulsed the attack of the fascist infantry. Behind the stunted stumps Semen Danilovich took a successful position and destroyed several enemy soldiers. After the first losses, the enemy immediately retreated. But in a short time, heavy tanks arrived. Tungus and the sergeant are the only survivors of the unit. However, this time they did not have to leave the environment. The counterattack of the Red Army which began, threw the enemy and the front line to the west. And again Nomokonov was transferred to the auxiliary service - to the funeral team. From that moment he was a sapper of the 539th Infantry Regiment.

In the autumn of 1941, while helping one of the wounded on the battlefield, Semyon Danilovich noticed that the German had aimed at them. In response, an instant reaction of the Siberian hunter followed - he raised his rifle and made a shot, falling precisely into the enemy. In the evening of the same day, the rumor of a well-aimed shot reached the whole unit, including the command. The seeds of Danilovich were transferred to a sniper platoon. From this moment the path of Nomokonov to the glory of the sniper began. The first military weapon of Semen Danilovich was Mosin 's three - line rifle, which he found in the forest. The weapon was without an optical sight, but this did not prevent the sniper from successfully coping with combat missions.

Soon enemy troops broke through the front. In the rear of the enemy was a hospital to which SD Nomokonov was attached, almost all the soldiers were killed, and those who survived went west to surrender to the Germans. Only Nomokonov was not depressed, did not give in to panic and, like an experienced hunter, easily found a way to his own. On this line of the North-Western Front, 11 armies fought steadfastly and 34 armies were formed, into which commanders and soldiers who left the encirclement were enlisted. New subdivisions were ordered to detain enemy forces at any cost on the site near Staraya Russa at any cost. During this period, Nomokonov received a note in the Red Army book that he was armed with a "Tula rifle No. 2753".

The appearance of a legend

Great glory about him was in late 1941, when he shot eight German scouts in the Valdai heights, than saved a wounded commander.

It was thanks to this incident that Semen Danilovich was enlisted in the platoon of snipers Lieutenant Repin Ivan. The newspaper of the North-Western Front "For the Motherland" in December 1941 published a report that SD Nomokonov from Transbaikalia liquidated 76 Germans. But these were only official data. The Tunguska sniper was a rather modest man. The story of his feat was listened to with a passion, not trusting the testimony of a short sniper fighter. Distrust greatly hurt his soul. This led him to destroy enemy soldiers and officers, without resorting to strict accountability. Nomokonov decided to report only on reliable cases. According to the information of Captain Boldyrev, Chief of Staff of the 695 Infantry Regiment, SD Nomokonov killed 360 fascist soldiers during the war years. The Hitlerites also learned about his accuracy, who led a constant mortar and artillery hunt for Semen Danilovich. However, the Soviet sniper carefully chose his positions. Nomokonov always adhered to the rule that the goal could appear at any moment. Always need to be ready to take cover and freeze in place, gather in a ball. In such a situation, the head should be kept low and "rolled" only with the eyes. The sniper could hit the target from 300-500 meters, and the record distance from which he destroyed the target was 1000 meters. Nomokonov wore hunting equipment during the war, so he often used various shoelaces, ropes, mirror fragments, flyers on the task. For noiseless movement at the right time, the shooter used a wandering woven from horsehair. In 1942, the sniper went to combat positions with a rifle with an optical sight.

In April 1942, the Chita delegation, led by the secretary of the regional committee of the CPSU (B), Voronov GI, arrived at the front. As a gift to the famous compatriot, they were presented with nominal watches.

According to official information, during the war Semyon Danilovich Nomokonov liquidated 367 enemies, including Germans and Japanese. On his pipe of murdered opponents, he marked with dots (soldiers) and crosses (officers). His skill of an accurate shot passed to the younger generation, working as an instructor in shooting, sniper art taught more than 150 soldiers. The outstanding student of SD Nomokonov was his fellow countryman TS Sanzhiev, who was able to destroy 186 enemy officers and soldiers. During the service, Nomokonov was repeatedly injured, but escaped the German captivity. Twice he was shell-shocked and 8 injured, but he did not leave the service. Repeatedly enemy artillery opened heavy fire, mortar fire was launched on the territory where the Soviet shooter could supposedly have been. The Fascists thus tried to destroy Nomokonov.

Becoming a sniper, Semyon Danilovich had to keep records of the destroyed officers and soldiers of the enemy. A tube, Which was always with him, became a kind of evidence of his military successes.

Fighting the famous sniper passed from the Valdai heights and the Karelian Isthmus to East Prussia. We also had to fight in Ukraine, Lithuania, and during the Soviet-Japanese war in Manchuria. The service was held on 5 fronts, 2 divisions and 6 regiments. He caused fear and horror at the enemy invaders, why he received the nickname "Taiga Shaman".

An experienced hunter declared to the Nazis "dain-tulugui", which in translation from his native language meant "ruthless war". He came out victorious from all the sniper dueling. After many years, the achievements of an outstanding shooter will inspire filmmakers to create the film "Sniper 2. Tungus."

Participation in military operations against Japan

The battle path of Nomokonov Semen Danilovich was completed near the spurs of the Great Khingan in the Far East. In the vicinity of Khadatun village of the Trans-Baikal Front, the sniper destroyed 15 servicemen of the Kwantung Army, and a group of snipers, which he directed, about 70 enemies. For this fight, the Soviet shooter was awarded the last award - the Order of the Red Star. Also, on the orders of the front commander, Nomokonov received a horse, binoculars and a registered sniper rifle.

Battle rewards

For military merits, Semen Danilovich was repeatedly awarded state awards: orders and medals, as well as valuables.

The first award - the Order of. VI Lenin - for the destruction of 151 Hitlerites and the training of 16 snipers, Nomokonov SD, who was in the rank of senior sergeant, was in June 1942. For the liquidation of more than 250 enemy soldiers and officers in December 1943, the Soviet sniper was awarded the Order of the Red Star.

The 221st Infantry Division of the 34th Rifle Corps of the 34th Army became the last place of service of S.N. Nomokonov. In March 1945, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for the training of 99 snipers and the liquidation of 294 German soldiers and officers.

Life in the post-war years

Semen Danilovich Nomokonov in the postwar period Was a very popular man. Articles about his exploits were repeatedly published in newspapers and books. He received many letters from ordinary people from all over the Soviet Union. Once he was written from Hamburg. One German woman was very worried about the question, was there a mark on his pipe about the death of her son Gustav Erlich? Did he pray, as a person with such great merit, about his victims? Nemokonov was read this letter, the answer to which one of his sons wrote down. The famous sniper allowed the possibility that on his pipe, with which he had spent the whole war, there could be a mark on the destruction of the son of a respected woman. But Nomokonov could not remember all the German murderers and robbers. In addition, he considered it important to point out to the woman how cruel the Hitler invaders were in their actions: "If you saw with your own eyes, German women, what your sons did in Leningrad ..."

After the war Sniper Nomokonov continued to work on the farm. In the mid-1960s, after retiring, he moved the village of Zagulay (Aginsky Buryat Autonomous District) to the Mogoytuisky district, where he was recruited to the Kolkhoz collective farm. Of VI Lenin. Semen Danilovich Nomokonov died in 1973, on July 15.

Facts about the legendary sniper

Until 1931, the name "Tungus" was used, after which the "ethnics" became the accepted ethnonym. According to official documents, SD Nomokonov was listed as "Tungus from the Khamnegan clan", therefore both Buryats and Evenks consider him a fellow countryman. "Hamnegan" in Russian is translated as "forest man".

Semyon Danilovich began to learn to read at the age of 32, together with his son Vladimir.

During the war, Nomokonov Vladimir was also a sniper, he destroyed about 50 Nazis. Father and son fought in the neighboring sectors of the front, but their meeting took place only after the war.

Famous rifle Semen Danilovich is in the museum of the history of the troops of the Order of. VI Lenin of the Siberian Military District.

The feats of the participants of the Great Patriotic War Continue to attract the attention of researchers. Many of them were prototypes of the heroes of military films. Not an exception and Nemokonov Semen Danilovich. His biography was the basis of the film "Sniper 2. Tungus." The events also unfold during the Great Patriotic War, in 1943, and talk about the wartime routine, the difficulties of performing combat missions and self-sacrifice.

Nomokonov often received tubes as presents. For example, the front commander, who became aware of Nomokonov's sniper dueling, personally presented him with an ivory tube. At the present time, one of them has been transferred to the Moscow museum, the other to the Chita, the third to Achinsk.

The memory of the descendants of SD Nomokonov

Grateful descendants carefully store and increase the memory of the famous compatriot and compatriot.

On the legendary sniper, writer Zarubin Sergei wrote the book "Sniper tube."

In the postwar period, SD Nomokonov was awarded the title of honorary soldier of the Transbaikal Military District (now Siberian).

In honor of the great countryman in the homeland, there are competitions in shooting.

Candidate SD Nomokonov in January 2010 won first place in the contest "Great People of Transbaikalia", which was organized under the patronage of the Administration of the Trans-Baikal Territory.

For military merit, Nemokonov S.D. was not in life honored with the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In commemoration of the 65th anniversary of the Victory in the war of 1941-1945, volunteers and organizers sent an idea to the Ministry of Defense about awarding a sniper to the title of Hero of the Russian Federation, but the agency did not find any good reasons for conferring this title.