Self-management is ... Principles, essence, functions, methods of self-management. Self-management organization

Self-management is one of the most important conditions for success. By learning to correctly allocate your time, you will be able to work more efficiently on the way to achieve your goals.

Definition of self-management

On the question of which resource in human life is the most limited, many answer incorrectly. It's not money or other goods, but time. Only by learning how to properly allocate it for the performance of certain actions, you can get as close to achieving your goals.

Self-management is a technique that implies the rational use of time resources (also called time management). This technique allows you to achieve better results at lower loads. Also it is a question of application in work of effective methods which provide economy of resources.

If you take into account the goal of self-management, it is to maximize all available resources and reduce the time spent on performing certain operations.

The essence of self-management can be expressed in the following positions:

• Definition of goals (they must necessarily be realistic and, preferably, specific);
• Creation of a picture of success in your mind (include your material situation, surroundings and other moments);
• Use of the "big jumps" technique, which implies a rapid transition to specific actions;
• Unconditional belief in one's own strength and success;
• Focusing on the main objectives and screening of secondary ones;
• The ability to behave in the hands and start again in the event of an unsuccessful experience.

It can be said that at the moment self-management is an objective necessity not only for business leaders, but also for any other person who wants to make good use of his time and manage to do as much work as possible. It should become a kind of habit, which is achieved through long work on yourself, developing perseverance, and also the ability to think rationally.

Self-management functions

Daily solving these or other tasks, we sometimes do not think about that we are engaged in self-management. Nevertheless, in order to achieve really significant results, it is important to approach this process consciously and consistently. The following self-management functions can be distinguished:

• Goal-setting (you must clearly understand the end result in real terms, which you would like to achieve on the basis of your activities);
• Drawing up a plan (development of a detailed "roadmap" that will determine your steps towards your goals);
• Making decisions (each step is accompanied by a few alternatives, of which you must make a choice);
• Organization of your working time and space (you must work out a convenient schedule for yourself and stick to it clearly, without being distracted by extraneous activities);
• Constant self-control (it is important to carry out an analysis of the correspondence between the results achieved and planned not only at the end, but also at intermediate stages of work);
• The establishment of communications and information channels (this is perhaps one of the most important functions that is closely interlinked with all the others).

The above functions in the specified sequence can also be perceived as self-management steps. It is worth noting the exceptional importance of each of them, and therefore step over this or that point is unacceptable. It is important to understand that, in spite of the fact that at first glance it looks difficult, and also takes a lot of time, in due course these actions will reach automation. Take into account that self-management is not just a duty, but a habit developed by an effective and successful leader.

What is the reason for the need for managerial self-management

The concept of self-management has developed due to the fact that not everyone is able to properly organize their working time and space. As a result, some goals remain unattainable. So, it is possible to single out the following factors that hamper the success, necessitating such a phenomenon as manager self-management:

• Inability to rationally spend their time and physical resources;
• Lack of clear priorities both in life and in business matters;
• Inability to determine one's own goals;
• Freezing work on self-development (reaching a certain level, a person considers inexpedient further self-education, and therefore begins to lag behind the trends in business);
• Lack of skills in making managerial decisions;
• Use of a pragmatic approach to solve problems and inability to apply creative methods;
• Inability to communicate with people, and to exert due influence and pressure on them;
• Lack of knowledge in the field of management;
• Inability to lead subordinates and effectively organize their work;
• Lack of time and attention for own training, and training of employees;
• Lack of skills in the formation of an effectively working team (it is not just about recruiting personnel, it is also about arranging them for jobs).

It is worth noting that self-management of the leader is important not only in the context of his personal career achievements, but also to ensure the successful operation of the enterprise as a whole. Only an effective manager can lead the organization and its employees to success. Only the person who has learned to effectively manage himself and his time, can cope with a large organization.

The essence of self-motivation

Self-management and self-motivation are some of the most important moments not only in the work of a leader, but also in the daily life of a person who aspires to achieve success. It is important not just to learn how to manage your time, but also to develop in yourself an inner desire to work, conditioned by certain incentives. The function of self-motivation should not be underestimated. Sometimes a person can be unsettled when others do not believe in his success or knowingly understate his dignity. The same mechanism spurs you on further action regardless of external circumstances.

You can achieve real success only if your activities are accompanied by mechanisms such as self-management and self-motivation. The quickest way to spur on yourself is to listen to your inner stimuli. So, pay attention to your physiological needs. To meet most of them, you will definitely need certain tools that you simply can not get if you are idle, sitting in social networks or watching television programs.

Needs of a higher level are security and confidence in the future. So, a person constantly needs housing, clothes, entertainment, as well as a certain amount of money to meet other needs. The strength of motivation depends only on how high your bar is. Live in a rented apartment or in your own home, dress in a market or in a brand store, rest at a dacha or a prestigious resort, postpone for the future a small amount or impressive capital - the strength of internal incentives will depend precisely on your aspirations.

Despite the fact that many deny the influence of public opinion, it sometimes is the main factor of self-motivation. So, for example, a person can go to work, so as not to be seen as a loafer and at the same time be content with low position and average wages. Some people are motivated by self-motivation to actively advance on the career ladder, to obtain a high social status, as well as significant cash income.

Thus, self-motivation is based on the needs of the individual, which describes the Maslow pyramid. Physiological needs are at the lower, basic stage . Once they are completely satisfied, there is a desire to feel confident in the future, strength of position and safety. Also, each person seeks to take a certain social position and create an opinion about himself.

Methodology of self-management

Self-management methods can be divided into several categories:

• The method of organizational management implies the planning of further activities, based on an objective analysis of the current situation. It is about both internal and external factors.
• The method of self-regulation of stress is to learn how to resist external negative influences, while maintaining a psychological balance and performance.
• Autogenic training is one of the main procedures on which self-management is based. Briefly it can be described as self-hypnosis and self-confidence in one's own abilities and abilities.
• Meditation is often used to quickly restore strength and emotional balance in the intervals between hard work.

It can be said that self-management is a continuous work on oneself. It's not just about forming certain professional skills and the ability to spend your time effectively. It also means working on your own psyche. As a result, a person should become self-reliant, and also learn to maintain self-control in stressful situations.

Implementation of self-management

The technology of self-management is a certain sequence of stages, which is in tune with its main objectives. To begin with, it is necessary to determine the goal, as well as the criteria that will indicate its achievement. To do this, it is necessary to clearly analyze the current state of affairs, after which the really achievable future indicators will become apparent. It is important that the final result has some clear expression (for example, quantitative).

At the next stage, it is necessary to pay attention to the information factor that is necessary in order to realize the goal of self-management. Data can come from both internal and external sources. In this case, they must be relevant (that is, correspond to the real picture of what is happening).

Planning is to develop a clear algorithm of actions to achieve the set goals. It is important to foresee possible fluctuations in the internal or external environment in order to determine alternative algorithms that will avoid negative consequences and crisis conditions.

Decision making is one of the most important stages, of which self-management consists. The organization of this process should be given special attention. Comfortable conditions for work should be created, as well as complete provision of information so that the actions are meaningful and consistent with the current state of affairs.

For effective implementation of the decisions made, it is important to ensure comfortable working conditions. In this case, both physiological and psychological characteristics must be observed. Key tasks should be implemented independently, and secondary tasks can be delegated to subordinates.

At all stages of the work, continuous monitoring of the results should be made to ensure that they are in line with the planned results. This will allow to detect deviations in time and react accordingly.

Principles of organizing working hours

The principles of self-management can be described as follows:

• Clear planning and distribution of operations should be subject to only 60% of the working time. At the same time, the remaining 40% should remain unoccupied in case of unforeseen circumstances, urgent negotiations, as well as contacts both inside the organization and outside it. In addition, the cases you planned purely physically can take more time.
• Planning of working time should not have a one-stage nature. This work should be conducted regularly and systematically. In addition, you can constantly make adjustments to the developed program of actions.
• Planned indicators should be realistic and be developed on the basis of the real capabilities of each individual person. For a basis it is possible to take accounting indicators of the previous periods or special calculations.
• For effective self-management, an important role is played by such a concept as compensation for the loss of time. It means that if you have a "window" today, it is better to spend it on some of the tasks planned for tomorrow.
• When writing a report on the work done, record not the number of actions performed, but the results achieved in real terms. This will help create an objective picture of the fulfillment of the plan.
• In order for the work to be carried out in a timely manner, it is important that the plans are clearly consistent in time. It is advisable to complete the work a little before the deadline, in order to be able to make the necessary adjustments.
• If plans are drawn up at different levels (director, line managers, subordinates), then they must be coordinated in time.

Advantages of self-management

Effective self-management gives a lot of advantages to the leaders of the organization, and to people involved in any other field of activity. These are the following positive points:

• A significant reduction in time costs, as well as other resources for the performance of certain work;
• The organization of an effective mechanism of labor activity, which provides higher economic and other results than under normal conditions;
• The absence of stressful situations that are associated with haste due to fear of not having time to finish the work on time;
• If the work is done qualitatively, as well as within the deadlines, it brings moral satisfaction to both managers and their subordinates;
• If labor has a visible result, then this is a kind of motivation for further active action;
• With each well-planned step, the level of professionalism and qualification is growing;
• In the process of self-management, you are engaged in the search for short ways to achieve the goals, the realization of which previously took a considerable amount of time.

It is worth noting that the time spent on planning and organizing work is fully paid off not only by the end results of the activity, but also by the acquired skills in managing its own resources.

Constituent parts of self-management

The system of self-management implies a set of a number of interrelated elements that ensure the effective organization of the work process. The following main components can be distinguished:

• Time management implies the correct definition of the proportions of work and leisure, as well as the distribution of the duration of each operation;
• Financial management consists in the definition of free resources, as well as those that need to be used to achieve the goal;
• Communication management means the search for links and sources of information in both the internal and external environment;
• The management of the workspace implies the correct organization of the workplace in accordance with ergonomic and other requirements.

It should be noted that self-management is a complex process, and therefore it is necessary to approach it in a comprehensive manner. If one or several components are missing, then the so-called bottlenecks appear in the plan, which can adversely affect the quality of the work, as well as the timing of its implementation. Preparing for a particular workflow requires some effort and may take some time, which will pay off later.

conclusions

One of the necessary conditions for successful and efficient work is self-management. It consists in the ability to properly allocate available resources, including temporary ones. It is worth noting that quite often this concept is identified with time management. And this is not surprising, because it is the ability to properly organize your work day determines the speed and quality of achieving goals. At the moment, taking into account the modern pace of life, as well as the level of competition, self-management becomes an objective necessity for those people who are focused on the result.

It should be noted that the functions of self-government in many respects correspond to the functions of management. First, you need to develop a goal that will determine the direction in which you want to move. Further, it is detailed by drawing up a plan. Its implementation is a consistent acceptance of the chain of managerial decisions, as well as the organization of the work process. If it is an enterprise, then all its units should have communication links established. And do not forget about such a function as control, which can be not only final, but also intermediate.

It is important to pay attention not only to management, but also to self-motivation. In order to understand what motivates a person to achieve certain goals, it is worth studying the hierarchy of Maslow's needs. Its basis is physiological needs. It's food, clothes and stuff. Having provided the necessary minimum, a person thinks about how to feel safe. The point here is to have confidence in the future (most often financial well-being is implied). The highest category of needs that motivate a person to work is the social position.