Secondary members of the proposal - the guarantee of the existence of common proposals

In the Russian syntax, there are members of the sentence, which, being subordinate to the main members of the proposal, play the role of clarification, refinement, complementation of the grammatical basis of the sentence. They are called secondary members of the proposal. From their presence or absence in the proposal depends on the status of the proposal: widespread or unresolved. Knowing which word from a pair of grammatical basis is a particular secondary term, you can characterize the sentence as complete or incomplete.

There are three types of secondary members:

• The definition (and its version of the appendix) responding to questions of the adjective and distributing the subject or other member of the sentence expressed by a noun or pronominal word;
• The appendix is expressed by a noun or pronoun, responds to case-related questions and spreads the predicate or other term expressed by the verb, verb forms, noun, pronoun or adverb;
• The circumstance (it has several bits depending on what it means and what it indicates) distributes the predicate and the same members as the complement, answers the adverbial questions.

In a simple sentence, there are often secondary members of the proposal who respond to the same questions and relate to one of the main members of the proposal, and each other is bound either by a communication link or by intonation. In this case, the homogeneity of the secondary terms of the sentence takes place. The syntactic characteristic of such a sentence would be: a simple sentence with homogeneous terms. It happens that in the sentence the same word is repeated several times in order to strengthen the reader's view, then there can be no question of homogeneity, and the sentence will be characterized as a simple uncomplicated one.

Homogeneous secondary sentence members on the letter are separated by unions and commas. The method of separation depends on the way in which homogeneous members are connected, the categories of unions that connect them, and also on the type of intonation. So, punctuation marks for homogeneous sentences.

A comma is required if:

1) there is no union. For example: The whole city was decorated with blue, green, yellow, red lanterns.

2) between the words are opposing unions: a, but, yes [= but], but, however. For example: Things were ugly, but new.

3) double alliances are used. For example: He liked not only flowers, but also trees.

4) repeated unions are used. For example: We were both smart, and beautiful, and successful, and the most fortunate of our release.

5) there is a union and in the meaning of the addition. For example: He did not complain about fate, and for life too.

A comma can not be put if:

1) homogeneous members of the proposal are joined by separating unions either, or, as well as by connecting unions and, yes [= and]. For example: Was it a blue or turquoise dress?

2) phraseological turns take place . For example: Yes, he is neither fish nor meat.

Thus, in order to more accurately communicate the necessary information, it is necessary to use the secondary members of the proposal. However, do not forget about the punctuation marks with them. Only then you will be able to boast of your beautiful, correct, literate written speech.