Scenario "The Blockade of Leningrad". "Diaries of the besieged Leningrad". "Blockade bread of Leningrad"

They say that someone who does not know history, has to repeat it. That is why it is so important to remember even its terrible moments and periods. To such, indisputably, is the blockade of Leningrad. For almost 900 days, the city's residents survived in unthinkable conditions, trying to escape the cold, famine and the onslaught of the fascists. Let's try to understand how to correctly write a script: "The blockade of Leningrad." What is there to say about it, what to keep silent about and how to tell about this terrible period in the history of Russia to modern schoolchildren.

Historical facts

Before you start writing a script about the blockade of Leningrad, it is worth remembering what it is for the period. It is the terrible facts, the heroism of ordinary people, that must be reflected in it.

First, the inhabitants of the city remembered the harsh winter of 41-42 until the end of their days. In that year, the heating was turned off, the sewage system was not working, there was no tap water. Meanwhile, the temperature on the street rarely rose above -18 degrees. Well-furnished houses, thus, turned into huge cold crypts, practically unfit for habitation. They saved themselves only by so-called stoves-burzhujkami. In the absence of firewood, these furnaces were heated with books, furniture and everything that could burn.

Secondly, the Nazis not only took the city into an enemy ring, but also regularly fired at it, and also dropped bombs. More than 200 thousand shells and bombs were dropped on residents of Leningrad.

However, according to statistics, no more than 3% of the inhabitants perished from bombing. The rest died of total hunger. And this fact is important to make in the scenario. The blockade of Leningrad began on September 8, 1941. At that time in the city, in principle, there was no supply. Very quickly people began to starve and use for food:

• Flour glue (they were previously glued wallpaper);
• Cellulose;
• Leather goods (jackets and boots burned on fire and boiled);
• glycerol.

And much more that is difficult to imagine now. Of course, on the table fell and pets, and garbage rats.

Blockade bread of Leningrad

Separate attention should be given to the bread, which the townspeople shared among themselves on those hard days. At the beginning of the occupation, the figures were as follows:

• Workers received 600 grams of bread;
• Employees - 400 grams;
• Children - 300 grams.

It was the norm for a day. At the same time, bread was not distributed free of charge, it had to be bought, even while the blockade of Leningrad was going on. The scenario of the event will be more honest if it is sounded in this fact.

However, already at the end of November of the 41st year, the norm was reduced more than twice:

1. Workers began to receive 250 grams each.
2. Children and dependents - 125 grams.

In that terrible December, over 50 thousand people died of starvation. After that, the norm was slightly increased.

This year in several cities of Russia the action "Blockade bread of Leningrad" was held. People were offered a day to survive on 125 grams of bread. At the same time, the cooks tried to recreate his recipe as much as possible. Dust, bark and cellulose were added to the dough. The action has found both its supporters and ardent opponents.

However, if the budget allows, you can try to bake similar bread for the spectators. This will make the script more alive. The blockade of Leningrad is too difficult a period in the history of our country to speak of it, using only figures and facts.

The diaries of the besieged Leningrad

Revive the script will help memories of eyewitnesses. True, we must select fragments, observing some censorship. Too scary to read these records. Especially when it comes to children and adolescents who tried to survive the blockade.

17-year-old schoolgirl Lena Mukhina wrote about her plans for life, about dreams, about her conversations with her mother. But more often than not, she wrote about the terrible famine. Also waited, when this period will end:

"I'll buy a kilogram of black bread, a kilo of gingerbread, a half a liter of cottonseed oil," the girl reasoned, "we're putting ourselves into a dump. Then my mother and I will bake different pies. " But even such simple desires were not destined to come true, my mother died.

Reading the diaries of the besieged Leningrad, you understand how little a person needs for life and for happiness. It was the memories of eyewitnesses, especially children, that proved the terrible guilt of the fascists before the Soviet people.

In our time there is an opinion that schoolchildren do not need to be introduced to such diaries. But, unfortunately, there were many of them in the surrounding city. At the Nuremberg Trials, a 12-year-old Tanya Savicheva's diary was presented . It's only 9 scary records on the sheets. Each of them is a statement of the death of a loved one. "Everybody died. There was only Tanya left. "

That is why excerpts from the diaries should be included in the script: "The Blockade of Leningrad".

What could be the scenario of the blockade?

So, we directly approached the question of the scenario of the event itself. Here it should be noted that there are two memorable dates:

• September 8 - the day when Leningrad was in the fascist ring;
• January 27 - lifting of the blockade.

And you need to remember both. So, we should consider what the scenario might be: "The lifting of the siege of Leningrad" and the scenario: "Life in a surrounded city".

If you write a plan for celebrating the liberation of the city, it is better to choose the following forms:

1. Make an event in the form of a concert.
2. Group to visit the library.

Almost 900 days of life in the "ring" is worth showing:

1. As an excursion to memorable places.
2. Try to recreate in the form of role-playing game.

Let no one bother the word "game". After all, only with the help of this method can you more accurately understand how hard it was for the townspeople in those terrible days.

In any case, it is necessary to tell about the "road of life" through Lake Ladoga. It was for her to evacuate part of the population from Leningrad, as well as imported food to the occupied city.

Scenario of the blockade itself

In order to more clearly show what the blockade of Leningrad is, the scenario of the event is better divided into two parts. In the first show our days, in the second - the period of occupation.

Leading can also be two. Let's say a man and a woman:

Leading (sharing with a colleague ). "Almost an hour I picked up a walk-in store with rolls on the Internet, some only one hour later, others refuse to bring other drinks in. It's some sort of nightmare."

Leaves a girl, a schoolgirl.

The girl . "Tomorrow we will go to school." A week ago, we were surrounded by Germans who blew up Badaevsky warehouses, they say that flour and other cereals were stored there, but I remember only the attraction "The Roller Coaster." The siege of the city will soon end, and the products will be brought. There will be no war "( information from the diaries is the author's note ).

The leader at the same time can agree with his colleague or, on the contrary, argue with her. Its task is to voice facts and figures:

Leading. "At the beginning of the siege in Leningrad, there were 2.5 million citizens, and more than 300,000 residents from the region.In official documents, they say that 650 thousand people died in the city, but after the siege in Leningrad, there were just over half a million living people."

And in this contrast, build the whole scenario. This will allow an ordinary person to plunge into the terrible atmosphere of the blockade. Compare with our days.

The event by the day of the lifting of the blockade

The script "Removing the Blockade of Leningrad" can begin with the 7th Symphony of Shostakovich. It was she who sounded in the fall of 1941 at the Philharmonic. Already exhausted by hunger and bombing, the townspeople went to the concert:

Leading. " Hitler prepared the city for a terrible fate." To compare with the ground, "can be read today in a declassified document." On October 12, 1941, the Germans were sure that there were no living people left in the city. And then the music began to sound.

Shostakovich's 7th symphony sounds. While the reader speaks, actors who play Leningrad, soldiers can go out onto the stage. Sit down and listen.

Leading. "Dmitry Shostakovich completed his symphony in the city surrounded by Germans."

Soldier. " I could not dedicate music all day, I need this day, but I could listen to the concert for one hour."

Leading. "Later, in the diaries of the Hitlerites, we read that it was during this concert that they realized that Leningrad would not surrender, and they were right." On January 27, 1944, the fascists abandoned the city. "This legendary day is honored by all residents of modern St. Petersburg."

It turns out, in those terrible days people listened to music, went to zoos, children attended schools. They worked out several norms at the plant, both adults and schoolchildren. The heroism of an ordinary citizen is very important to make in the scenario. The liberation of Leningrad from the blockade became possible because the townspeople did not give up.

Scenario for school children

Psychologists argue how old you can tell children about the horrors of war. And specifically about the city surrounded by fascists. It is believed that you can start talking gently from 3rd grade.

At the age of 9, the guys can already understand what the blockade of Leningrad is. The scenario of the event for school children should be softer than for adults. In it it is not necessary to tell about:

• Cannibalism;
• Blatant sadism;
• Violence.

But in general terms it is necessary to tell about the period itself. What can be done:

1. Conduct an excursion to the memorable places of Leningrad.
2. Visit the library, where the pictures will tell about the event.
3. Visit or organize a concert dedicated to the blockade.

The older the schoolboy, the more intense the program of the event will be.

Excursion or role play

The script, dedicated to the day of lifting the blockade of Leningrad, can be written in different genres. For example, as a detective story. You can offer the students a few hours "to live in a besieged city". Go to school, work, buy bread, and also walk through the main blockade.

Where to visit:

1. In the apartment of Tanya Savicheva (the 2nd line of Vasilievsky Island, 13).
2. At the monument to the hero-schoolboy. It is known that during the battle with the fascists Volodya Ermak closed the body with an enemy embrasure. Soviet soldiers had the opportunity to attack the Germans themselves.
3. In zoo. During the war and blockade, the inhabitants of the city did not eat a single animal from the zoo. On the contrary, they tried in every possible way to help them survive. Especially hard was the hippopotamus named Beauty. Lack of water (as mentioned above, the water pipe at one time did not work) threatened her with death. Pool Beauties filled with water from the Neva.
4. At the monument to the children of the blockade (square in Nalichnaya street).
5. The "Dangerous Side". There were 4 signs hanging in the city, warning that "this side of the street" is most dangerous when shelling. At present, the board is preserved on Nevsky Prospekt.

This is not the entire list of memorable places that you can visit. If there is no time to develop your itinerary, you can use the services of St. Petersburg guides.

In library

Of course, being in St. Petersburg, it is easier to feel what the blockade of Leningrad is. The script of the event in the library, compiled on the basis of memories, fragments of films, as well as historical facts, will help to tell about this period to schoolchildren from other cities.

The librarian can act as facilitator. First, talk about the war, the very precipitation of the city, the heroism of the Leningraders. After the story, you can show a movie about this period. For example, the documentary of Sergius Loznitsa - "The Blockade of Leningrad". The tape lasts only 17 minutes, but gives a very clear idea of that terrible moment in the history of our country.

After that, you can view the clippings from newspapers and magazines together. Arrange a small colloquium (discussion). Read poems of the time. And to honor the dead with a minute of silence.

In the form of a concert

In turn, the scenario of the concert "The Blockade of Leningrad" can be conditionally divided into three blocks:

• Songs and dances;
• poems.
• Scenes.

Thus, students of all ages will be involved, if it concerns children. And it is easier for adults to perceive information in the form of a concert.

A lot has been written about the occupation city. The concert program can take the most popular. For example, "The Ballad of Leningrad", "Immortal Leningrad", "The Ballad of Tanya Savicheva." In addition, any military songs of the 40s will do. Under these songs you can show footage and photos of the city, put the dances, or they can simply be performed by talented singers.

Poems about the blockade will not be difficult to find and pick up more suitable. If this is a school event, you can invite the children themselves to learn their favorite pieces.

Scenes can also be diverse. During the performance, you can read diaries and memoirs of people who survived the blockade.

PS Why recall this period?

At the present time, one can hear that the city of Leningrad (modern St. Petersburg) has been liberated from occupation more than 70 years ago. And, probably, it's time to forget about this sad event. But this is the same as offering Armenians to forget about the genocide of 1915 or Jews about Auschwitz.

It was a hard and terrible period. Crime against the whole city: its men, women and helpless children. To forget is to forgive. However, from a psychological point of view, we have no right to forgive others. For 630 thousand dead (and this is only official figures).

In addition to fear, this period in history has given the entire vast country a faith. In courage and heroism. It's not for nothing that the ice lake got the name "Road of Life". The Leningraders showed that it is necessary to fight to the last. And the Soviet Union fought. It is not known how the Great Patriotic War would end, if not for the courage of those brave people from the cloudy city.