Russian cars: cars, trucks, special purpose vehicles. Russian Automotive Industry

When it comes to the domestic automotive industry, the first thing that comes to mind is the model of the Volga Automobile Plant. The most recognizable car of our time from AvtoVAZ is Lada Kalina. It is produced both for export and for the domestic market. The difference between these modifications is weighty, so there is no point in comparing them. Technically, the car has very good performance, if only because it is designed for domestic roads, and this already says a lot.

The development of the Russian automobile industry, which became famous in Soviet times thanks to the following cars: "Moskvich" and "Zhiguli", began in the XIX century. Before the emergence of the Union of Republics, several times the industry got up on its feet and immediately fell, and only by 1960 it was alive with full life - mass car was launched. Of the crisis that followed immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union, with difficulty, but the Russian car industry got out. And now one of the largest manufacturers, which showed the world car Lada Kalina, is the offspring of AvtoVAZ. Although in Russia you can often meet a foreign car, every second car is a copy of domestic production. This shows the patriotism and love of the population to their homeland, as well as how much cheaper VAZ cars in comparison with foreign ones. A more detailed story can be read below.

The Russian Automobile Industry before 1917

The first Russian cars began to appear since 1896. It was from that time began to develop domestic automotive industry. The first model had an internal combustion engine and appeared in that year. In public, it was "represented" by Yevgeny Yakovlev and Peter Frese.

After such an event, the first private companies appear in Russia, representing the Russian automobile industry of that time. However, all of them are changing their activities very soon. By 1912, only two operating companies remained afloat. We are talking about the Russian-Baltic wagon plant and the Puzyrev plant. The first was located in Riga, the second - in St. Petersburg. The RBVZ was able to release its first copy of the transport in 1909, while the RAIPRO began operating in 1911. Four years later the second plant burned down, and after a short time its founder died. РБВЗ because of approaching to Riga military actions was divided into several branches: one was in Petersburg (here the assembly of aircraft engineering was established), the second - in Tver.

The Russian automobile industry began to develop at an accelerated pace because of the outbreak of the First World War. And all due to the fact that the need for additional equipment has increased greatly. The government issued a decree on the creation of six plants. For their erection it was allocated about 11 million rubles. According to the calculations of the authorities, the total production was to be 10,000 cars a year. However, these plans ended very tragically. After the revolution of 1917 and the subsequent inflation, the collapse of the transport system in Russia, the construction of the plants was not completed. In the end, the state had only one conveyor, from which light and heavy equipment came off . For 1917 at the Moscow plant were able to collect almost 500 cars. After establishing the situation, the authorities decided to resume the construction of those assembly points. But only two of them eventually retained their specialization.

Russia in the USSR

Russian cars have significantly changed during their stay in the Soviet Union. The moment of release of the F-15 truck by the Moscow plant is considered to be the starting point for the development of the automobile industry. A little later AMO was renamed. After the reconstruction, the plant began to produce trucks under license. In Nizhny Novgorod, which was better known as Gorky, then NAZ was built. This plant, using permission from the American company Ford, began to produce trucks and cars. The established companies could become the national dignity of the Soviet Union, and the released car "Zhiguli" - a symbol of the same state. Together with smaller automotive brands, the Russian automotive industry came in first place in Europe, in the world it took the second position in the category of truck production. Before the beginning of the conflict situation, more than 1 million copies were produced in the territory of the USSR in the framework of the Second World War.

Until the 1970s, the development of the automobile industry was proceeding at an intensive pace. At the same time, in most of the Russian cars were a huge number of trucks - it was their production preferred.

The population began to acquire personal cars already by the time, as Italy decided to build in the territory of the Union of VAZ. The plant worked at a fairly fast pace. Initially, during the year 660 thousand copies were produced, then, closer to the 80th years, this figure grew to 730 thousand. And, of course, the Zhiguli machine was the lion's share in this indicator. Along with it, the Niva was produced. The same plant was the first to launch a hatchback on the territory of the USSR.

In 1969 the construction of KamAZ was started, it was completed by 1976. It was he who allowed many Soviet cars to be converted to diesel power mechanisms. According to the plan, the plant produced 150 thousand trucks and 250 thousand units a year.

Thanks to good support from the government and the joint efforts of all the factories, by 1980 the USSR was in the world:

• The first place in the production of bus equipment.
• Third place in the production of trucks.
• Fifth place in general production. Here Russian cars lost to Japanese, American, German and French colleagues.

And even with the crisis, the Russian auto industry continued to please the domestic buyer of cars branded with new brands. At this time, production ceased to increase in size, there was a deficit of spare parts. Leadership of the USSR gradually faded. But it was at this time that the world saw such "eternal" models as the Moskvich, Sputnik, Oka, Tavria cars and some trucks.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the fate of the Russian auto industry, Ukrainian and Belarusian, dispersed along their own roads.

Modern automotive industry in Russia

The crisis, which came after the reforms of 1992, virtually stopped the work of the entire Russian automobile industry. The rates of production, the number of machines assembled were reduced. Even those who produced inexpensive at cost prices copies of their activities. It was connected with terrible economic and financial problems. We can say that such a blow to the state was sustained only by really strong Russian automakers - time-tested. We are talking about VAZ, GAZ and the Likhachev plant. They released truly legendary cars - "Lada", "Volga", "Bull". It was thanks to these series that the crisis was successfully overcome. Although the devaluation of the ruble in 1998 markedly hit the producers.

Already by 2002, the state is assembling foreign models at full speed. By this time, more than a dozen foreign branches have been opened in the state. Among passenger cars, their share was 40%. In 2010, a plan was developed to produce 1 million foreign copies a year.

Now the Russian Federation is included in the list of 15 best producers in the world. More than 50 automobile plants are open on the territory of the state.

The best domestic car

If we consider the truly best car produced in the USSR, then it is necessary to stop our attention on the one that received the service index "M-20". It's true, it's about Victory. It was produced at the Gorky Plant from 1946 to 1958. Before the production was stopped, about 240,000 copies were produced.

The car had tremendous forms, which attracted customers. It should be noted high cross-country ability, good stability. The maximum speed slightly exceeded the mark of 100 km / h. It was such a car that Soviet people who survived the war needed. The main disadvantage of the car was its engine. Indeed, the model "M-20" was very reliable, but unstable in terms of the power unit. Although it was distinguished by its durability, but frankly, it was rather weak for this kind of machine.

The most expensive Russian car in Soviet times

It should be noted ZIS-110, which belongs to the class of representative cars. Its production was started in the year of the end of the Second World War. And in 1958 it was replaced by another car of the same series. When the plant received the name Likhachev, its name changed slightly - ZIL-110. Over the entire production time, a little more than 2,000 copies of all assemblies were produced.

The Soviet buyer always noted the elegance of this car, as well as the beauty of the body. The installed engine had 8 cylinders and operated on 4 strokes. Its power is 180 horsepower.

This car can be put in one line with "Victory". The only difference between them is that the M-20 is more suitable for the middle class of the population because of the price policy, and the described one is higher.

The most secure Russian car

The new "UAZ Patriot" (or UAZ-3163) with confidence takes the leading place among the most reliable cars in Russia. The SUV has all the necessary options, functions and characteristics that are necessary for driving on Russian roads. The car has five doors, as well as an increased level of capacity in both the luggage compartment and in the passenger compartment. "Patriot" is great for riding in the countryside, which already adds to it additional advantages when compared with other domestic SUVs. The series is manufactured since 2005 by the Ulyanovsk plant. In addition to excellent technical characteristics, it has a very impressive appearance, and attracts serious people, because it is made in minimalism.

A reliable Russian car

Any citizen of Russia will mark a VAZ car in this category. Of course, we are talking about the car "Lada", which is better known as the "penny". It is no wonder, after all after so long time from the beginning of its release, it to this day travels on Russian roads. Every third car in Russia is Zhiguli. It is worth pondering.

The most beautiful car

"Seagull" for one hundred percent wins in this category among all domestic cars. It was produced at the Gorky plant. And went down in history as the car on which officials constantly traveled. They were attracted by a beautiful and aesthetic appearance.

The Best Russian Car

"Lada Priora", according to many motorists, is the best. Especially it is necessary to the liking of modern customers who do not chase after too new and heaped copies. This model has a power steering, excellent suspension and air conditioning.

Economical car

As an economical car, you can note the "Oka". The VAZ products always differed in inexpensive cost, but this model proved to be the cheapest. Moreover, it has impressive characteristics, both for the budget employee.

KamAZ: dump truck

It's no wonder that KamAZ is one of the best producers on the territory of Russia, speaking of trucks. They are used in almost all sectors: agricultural, communal, construction. In 2010, the series was re-equipped with a new cabin, which was characterized by increased convenience. The KamAZ series (dumper) is impressive. Each of the models has its own distinctive features. The approximate price of one of these cars is 170 thousand rubles. Cars are well traveled on standard roads, but do poorly in off-road driving.

Fire ZIL

Fire trucks, of course, are constantly needed. They must have stunning technical characteristics. This is one of the types of machines in which external data is completely unimportant. For a long time for the USSR cars for fire stations were produced by the Likhachev plant. Over time, they were improved in all aspects. The fireman ZIL became the best specimen for the USSR.