Reality is ..? What gives the culture an individuality and uniqueness?

Realia is a term that symbolizes an object, a certain thing that exists or existed before. As a rule, realities strictly relate to a certain people, to its culture and customs. From the scientific point of view, this phenomenon does not have any individual lexical meanings, but in some cases there are specific names of particular characteristics in different peoples.

Features of reality

Consider the term in a narrower sense. Realia is a part of any language, culture and people's characteristics that can not be translated. These can be winged statements, the meaning of which is clear only to the speakers of the language in which they are composed. Also, realities include single untranslatable words, understood only by a narrow circle of people. It is noteworthy that within the range of the use of one language, different realities can be formed. What is it, and how do they sound? In fact, everything is simple. This category includes adverbs, verbal phrases and the so-called "jargon", which is inherent only to a specific group. A vivid example can serve the United States of America, where every administrative unit has its own language peculiarities, incomprehensible to visitors who also speak English.

How the realities come into being

Linguists and philologists have long established that reality is an exclusively artificial phenomenon invented by the person deliberately. Practically every word in the world created certain words, adverbs, phrases and utterances that can not be translated into another language of the world. Such a technique has found its application in science, literature, versification, writing songs, and then gradually migrated into our everyday speech. That is why the difficulties of translation known to all arise. It is noteworthy that it is in Russian that a vast number of realities are encountered, which foreigners treat everyone in their own way, but none of the options is true.

Unique words that occur in everyday speech

To make the reader understandable, what we are talking about, we will explain what social realities are. These can be utterances and words that we use daily. They do not have a semantic load according to the version of the explanatory dictionary, and in general they can not be found on these pages. The social realities include abbreviations: registry office, housing office, recreation center, collective farm. Also it can be names of things, national dishes, dances and other traditions that are not translated into other languages. This borscht, sarafan, banknotes, etc. Among foreign similar names we list the famous dance ceremonies: Spanish khaleo, Italian tarantella, Mexican lambada and salsa. Similar phenomena can be found in Eastern cultures. What is only worth karate, which is occupied by the majority of the world's population, as well as meditation, judo and other martial and spiritual arts.

The Past of the Nations of the World

We all met words and expressions that seem to sound in our native Russian, but are still incomprehensible to us living in the 21st century. And all because they are a long-forgotten reality. They were used by our ancestors, but due to a change in the language they were obliterated from the memory of mankind. Thus, it can be said that historical realities are a verbal statement, untranslatable words, strange expressions that carry a purely social meaning, often created using archaisms. You can meet them in the diaries and notes of people who lived in distant times, in the original documents, in books and newspapers that were printed then. In literature published in the twentieth century, this phenomenon is rare, even if the works are printed from the manuscripts of Dostoevsky, Pushkin or Lermontov.

Conclusion

Many scientists say that reality is an equivalent of a lexicon that can not be translated. However, due to the fact that any written sources (be it a code of laws or prose) are constantly rewritten from one language to another, everything needs to be translated. If any realities are missed, the adequacy of the text will be lost instantly. Translation is extremely complex, most often it becomes the reason for a small change in the meaning of the source.