Types of Correction Schools

What is the attitude of surrounding people to disabled children? Most adults refer to them as "poor and unhappy", and the children's community rejects them as "abnormal." Very rarely a special child meets an interest from other people, a desire to make friends.

The situation with teaching is even worse. Not every school is ready to teach a child with special educational needs. While inclusion - the education of children with disabilities in a mass general education school - remains only a dream for parents of special children.

The fate of many such children is training in correctional schools, which are not always near the house, and, often, in another city. Therefore, most often they have to live in a boarding school.

Currently, the types of correctional schools are defined taking into account the primary defect of students. Each of the eight types of general education institutions for children with special educational needs has its own specifics.

A special correctional educational institution of 1 type takes in its walls deaf children. The task of teachers is to teach a deaf child to communicate with others, to master several types of speech: oral, written, dactylic, gestural. The curriculum includes courses aimed at compensating for hearing through the use of sound amplifying equipment, pronunciation correction, social orientation and others.

Similar work is carried out by a correctional school of two types, but only for deaf or late children. It is aimed at restoring lost hearing abilities, organizing active speech practice, and teaching communicative skills.

The first and second types of correctional schools carry out the educational process at three levels of general education. However, deaf students need two years more to master the elementary school curriculum.

The third and fourth types of correctional schools are designed for children with visual impairment. Teachers of these special educational institutions organize the process of education and upbringing in such a way as to preserve other analyzers, develop corrective-compensatory skills, and ensure social adaptation of children in society.

Blind children are sent to the correctional school of 3 types, as well as children with visual acuity from 0.04 to 0.08 with complex defects leading to blindness. In the educational institution of 4 types, children with visual acuity from 0.05 to 0.4 with the possibility of correction are accepted. Specificity of the defect involves training with the use of typhlo-equipment, as well as special didactic materials that allow you to absorb the incoming information.

A special correctional institution of the 5th type is intended for children who have a general hypoplasia of speech, as well as severe speech pathology. The main goal of the school is to correct the speech defect. The entire teaching and educational process is organized in such a way that children have the opportunity to develop their speech skills throughout the day. When the speech defect is eliminated, the parents have the right to transfer the child to a regular school.

Children with musculoskeletal disorders can be trained in a correctional school of 6 types. In the correctional institution the motor functions are restored, their development, correction of secondary defects. Particular attention is paid to social and labor adaptation of pupils.

Correction school 7 species accepts children with mental retardation, and with the possibilities of intellectual development. In school, the correction of mental development, the development of cognitive activity and the formation of skills in educational activities. Based on the results of education in primary school, pupils can be transferred to a comprehensive school.

Correction school 8 types are needed for children with mental retardation for training under a special program. The goal of the training is social and psychological rehabilitation and the possibility of integrating the child into society. In such schools there are classes with in-depth training.

Almost all of these types of correctional schools teach children for twelve years, have in their staff specialists defectologists, speech therapists, psychologists.

It goes without saying that children who have studied for so many years in a boarding school have certain difficulties in social orientation. A big role in the integration of special children into society belongs not only to correctional schools, but also to parents. A family struggling for their child will be able to help him to adapt in the world around him.