Pyramidal insufficiency

Pyramidal cells or Betz cells are in the fifth layer of the cerebral cortex. Pyramidal insufficiency is diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of the brain. Magnetic resonance imaging is a mandatory method of examination for the appearance of seizures and epilepsy symptoms. Computer tomography of the brain is performed in the case when it is impossible to conduct an MRI scan. Pyramidal insufficiency can be diagnosed by electromyography. This is a method of research
The neuromuscular system by recording and analyzing the electrical
Muscle building. EEG study (electroencephalography) makes it possible
To identify the cause of seizures. The method allows to reveal the appearance of epileptiform
Activity and diffuse delta waves. Ultrasound (ultrasound) of the brain helps to identify signs of increased intracranial pressure in the brain, which can create an irritating effect and cause paralysis.

With the development of a pathological focus or a violation of blood supply in the pyramidal system, central paralysis occurs. Pyramidal
Insufficiency is also determined by electromyography, in which
The neuromuscular system is studied. Virtually all central paralysis and
Pareses in cases of brain diseases are accompanied by explicit or hidden
Cramps, which further increase the area of brain damage.

The disease manifests itself in the form of increased muscle tone, as well as perostalnyh and tendon reflexes. Right-sided pyramidal failure is accompanied by oculomotor and visual impairment, a decrease in intelligence. There is a violation of gait, ataxia of coordination samples, intentional trembling, chanted speech, nystagmus.

The causes may be tumors, inflammatory processes, congenital pathologies and hemorrhages that cause a disease such as pyramidal insufficiency. Treatment in this case is symptomatic.

Pyramidal insufficiency has similar symptoms with a syndrome of cerebral dysfunction, various types of encephalopathies, with a syndrome of cerebrospinal fluid
Hypertension, so the diagnosis is sometimes difficult. Depending on the
Locations of the lesion can be different manifestations of the disease.
Alternating syndromes occur in disorders in the area of the brain stem.
Paresis occurs when the projection areas of the cerebral cortex are affected.
Damage to the spinal cord is accompanied by hemiplegia on the side,
Which is the opposite of the lesion.

Treatment of pyramidal insufficiency should be directed to the underlying disease. No less important is the restoration of motor
Activity in paralysis. It is necessary to follow the principle of increasing
Physical exertion. Therapy of pyramidal insufficiency includes the use of drugs such as cerebrolysin, nootropil, glutamic acid, encephabol, aminalone. These drugs improve the metabolism of nerve cells. To normalize the conduction of a nerve impulse, it is recommended to take dibazol and proserin. Vitamins E and B, baclofen, midokalm and lioresal normalize muscle tone. Good results in the treatment of pyramidal insufficiency gives LFK, reflexotherapy and acupressure, aimed at reducing muscle tone. At the same time, physiotherapy and balneotherapy, orthopedic measures are carried out. In the presence of trauma to the brain and spinal cord, as well as tumors, neurosurgical treatment is prescribed. Surgical intervention is prescribed for acute violations of cerebral circulation, malformations of cerebral vessels, with the formation of intracerebral hematoma, stenosis or thrombosis of extracerebral arteries.