Principles of training: features and specificity

Definition of the term "learning principles"

The learning process is a complex, organized system that consists of the learning activity of both the teacher and the student. But in order for training to be organized, it is necessary that it be based on regularities that exist objectively or their existence is assumed. These patterns, formulated in the form of regulatory provisions, which should be guided, and constitute the principles of education.

Modern didactic principles stipulate requirements for all components of the learning process: logic, goals and objectives of learning, the formation of its content, the selection of forms and methods, the analysis of results and the urge to achieve them. Thus, the fundamental provisions that define the system of requirements for the methodology, organization and content of training, and are the principles of learning. These are ideas, regulatory requirements that need to be guided during the organization and conduct of the process of education and upbringing.

It should be noted that the principles of education are the nature of general guidelines, norms and rules designed to regulate the learning process. They arise on the basis of an in-depth analysis of training, are based on the laws of learning that are established by didactics.

Basic principles of teaching in a modern school

In today's general education school, you can determine the following basic principles of teaching:

- the principle of developmental learning, which at the same time is and educating. It provides for the comprehensive development of the student, his individual inclinations;

- the principle of scientific character, which is closely related to modern scientific knowledge;

- the principle that maintains systematic and consistent in mastering theoretical knowledge and their subsequent application in practice;

- the principle of conscious knowledge acquisition, independence and creative activity of trainees under the guidance of the teacher;

- the principle of an integrated approach to the educational process and the development of children, which provides for a unity of productive and reproductive, emotional and rational, abstract and concrete, the use of clarity;

- the principle that implies the availability of training;

- a principle that provides for the acquisition of solid knowledge and the development of cognitive skills of students;

- the principle of close connection of learning with real life;

- the principle of effective combination of different methods and forms of training.

These same provisions fully serve as principles of teaching the Russian language.

Specific principles of teaching Russian language

In addition to the generally accepted principles, when studying the Russian language, you can use and such as:

- cognitive, providing analysis, synthesis and generalization of the studied material;

- creative, implying a creative approach to solving learning problems, a willingness to perceive new ideas;

- Reflexive, allowing the student, after analyzing the work done, to understand what he was able to learn, and what else should be done to achieve the result.

You can also use such principles of designing the training:

- an ascent from the general to the particular: first an idea is formed about the linguistic basis of the material being studied, and then a transition to a specific topic occurs;

- the principle of distinguishing between linguistic meanings - parts of speech, parts of words, grammatical categories;

- the principle of attentive attitude to various signs of the language - letters, sounds, morphemes, orthograms and, of course, words;

- a principle that provides for a gradual increase in the pace of teaching the Russian language.

At the current stage of the school, the programmed, explanatory-illustrative, problematic principles of teaching the Russian language are almost never met in pure form. They closely interact with each other.

The training principles listed above are not equivalent. All of them obey the main principle, which stipulates the development and upbringing of the personality, which take place simultaneously. Its main goal is to educate students about universal values.

Thus, the basic principles of education are a kind of system, a holistic unity. The process of realizing one remains in close connection with others. For example, accessibility - scientific, activity - systematic - strength. Together they are a reflection of the main features of learning.