Principles of organization and activity of the state apparatus, civil servants

What are the principles of organization and activity of the state apparatus? What is the goal he pursues? What functions does it perform? What does the state. Employee? These, as well as other issues will be considered in the framework of this article.

general information

First, let's define what the state apparatus is. This concept implies a system of bodies that are interconnected by a basis in the form of general principles of organization and activity. They can vary depending on the country and the traditions and circumstances that have developed here. Most of the features of the activity are regulated, as a rule, by the law on civil service. In addition, a certain number of normative documents and acts can be created that are aimed at improving the mechanism of work. A feature of the modern world is the fact that some kind of reform of the state apparatus is constantly carried out. And this is not surprising - because the conditions of existence change at a frantic pace. So, one of the last obviously positive innovations is electronic services. But let's not be distracted.

Symptoms

So, the organs of the state apparatus can be identified by such features:

1. They are part of an integral hierarchical system. All this is based on common principles, tasks and goals.
2. Primary structural elements are state institutions and bodies where civil servants work. They are related to each other on the basis of coordination and subordination.
3. To ensure the implementation of the dictates, there are immediate instruments of coercion.
4. Through the activities of the state apparatus, in practice, the power of the state and the performance of the functions it takes on itself are exercised. And between this there is a direct link. After all, the state apparatus was created to fulfill the functions assumed by the state.

On the structure of the word

The state apparatus is represented, as a rule, by the following types of bodies:

1. Legislative. These are the "primary" organs, which are the basis for all other structures and structures.
2. Executive bodies. They are engaged in conducting day-to-day operational work, which is necessary for the state management of social processes. And they are obliged to carry out their activities in the interests of the entire society or its separate component. In this they help the auxiliary control apparatus.
3. Law enforcement agencies. They are needed to ensure and support stability. Also, law enforcement agencies are the guarantor of public relations and processes, which are formed under the influence of the state. This is helped by the material and organizational machinery of coercion, the parts of which are the army, intelligence, police, security services, prisons.

And what are the principles of organization and activity of the state apparatus? The answer to this question we now consider.

Principles of organization and activity of the state apparatus

This means key provisions and ideas, from which the basis of the structure and functions of the state apparatus is formed. The most significant among them:

1. Priority of freedoms and rights of a citizen and a person.
2. The expression of democracy in the form of broad participation of people in the formation of state structures.
3. The division of power into separate branches (legislative, executive, judicial) and the creation of mechanisms that will minimize the arbitrariness of the authorities.
4. Legality, which is expressed in the fact that everyone is equal to the accepted rules in society.
5. Openness, which is to inform the public about the real activities of specific government agencies. This is necessary to maintain transparency and fairness of performance by officials of their functions.
6. Federalism, which is to take into account the interests of the whole region.
7. Professionalism. In this case, emphasis is placed on the fact that it is necessary to use the most qualified people in the activity of the state apparatus.

It should be noted that this does not necessarily have to be implemented in practice. A lot of provisions are not displayed in the legislation, but only displayed in the legal science. To say exactly which principles of organization and activity of the state apparatus are the most optimal, and to designate their optimal configuration is rather difficult, therefore, there are quite a lot of different opinions on this matter.

Specific features

You should consider some of the pitfalls of this issue in order not to be confused in the future. We consider what the state apparatus is. This concept includes a fairly wide set of definitions. But there may be a terminological inconsistency. So, for example, quite often the state apparatus and mechanism are identified. This is fundamentally wrong, since the former is only part of the second. It should be remembered that the state apparatus is understood only as a set of bodies that are vested with power to implement something. The mechanism is also additionally referred to as state institutions, as well as state-owned enterprises. That is, this is a broader concept. So, the state. An employee who issues passports, a representative of the authorities. But a doctor who treats with public money is a representative of a particular institution, which, in turn, is an integral part of the mechanism for ensuring the formation of society.

What other principles are there?

What was listed above is not a complete list of the bases under which states operate. We will also mention a number of principles:

1. Normativeness. Everything must be directly or indirectly enshrined in legislation.
2. Consistency. In other words, there should not be anything contradictory.
3. Completeness. This principle stipulates that the most important conditions for the formation and implementation of state bodies, as well as their activities, must be preliminarily established.
4. Independence. The duplication of existing principles is inadmissible.
5. Humanism. This principle proclaims the priority of the rights of the individual when the state apparatus carries out its activities.

Dividing into groups

The principles discussed above can be referred to general. They can be divided into two conditional groups:

1. Socio-political.
2. Organizational.

What we previously considered is more relevant to socio-political principles. And now let's pay attention to the organizational component:

1. Hierarchy.
2. Responsibility for the decision (and their failure to perform or the unfair implementation of duties within the limits of the powers provided).
3. The combination of one-man management and collegiality in decision-making.
4. Differentiation of powers and functions.

The functions of the state apparatus are based on such general principles.

Particular principles

But if there is something in common, then there must be something that applies to certain organs of the state apparatus, right? And these are private principles. So, if we consider the situation with the Russian Federation and the state apparatus of the Russian Federation, then it is practically impossible not to mention the fact that for effective work, personnel with special training are required. For this, government officials are needed, who have the necessary qualifications and professionalism. People who will be engaged in this work, stand out in a separate layer - the bureaucracy (literally - "chief of staff").

It should be noted that this term is often used to generalize the negative aspects of the state apparatus or its separate moments like formalism, red tape, careerism, corruption, personal profit, and indifference to people and their problems. To overcome negative phenomena, democratic styles and methods of work are used. A whole system of mechanisms and measures is being created that are aimed at restraining and curbing the bureaucracy.

The law on civil service in this case may provide for the replacement of posts on a competitive basis, contract work, restriction in commercial activities and the establishment of high wages. In other words, everything is done to interest a person in honest service. After all, the state apparatus is only an instrument of power, which is elected and controlled by the people.

Conclusion

The state apparatus is a very multifaceted and interesting topic, which deserves more detailed study. So, it should not be forgotten that it was created for the primary purpose of maintaining the activities of an ordinary citizen. Therefore, if somewhere there are certain problems or consciously someone confronts, then we should not assume that the whole world hates and creates barriers. If something does not work or there are problems, then it is necessary to inform the appropriate authorities: the internal security service, law enforcement agencies and human rights organizations. You need to understand that nobody will bring everything in the finished form. And to live in a state in which everyone is satisfied with the state of affairs, it is necessary to try hard. And then you can safely work, rest and live.