Polynevitis: symptoms, causes, treatment

Polyneuritis - a disease in the form of multiple disorders of nerve endings. Can manifest as paresis, decreased sensitivity or various trophic disorders. Polyneuritis leads to vegetative, motor and sensitive disorders of the nerves. The disease can occur in acute or chronic form.

Types of polyneuritis

There are several types of polyneuritis:

• Alcoholic. Sensitive and motor disturbances are characteristic for this species. The defining symptom is mental disorders. Distinctions in the memory, which are replaced by fictions or distortions of the events that occurred , are very pronounced. Polyneuritis begins. Legs and hands turn blue, lose mobility and sensitivity.

• Polyneuritis of the kidneys. Development occurs with pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis of severe form. At the same time, glomerular filtration is impaired. First, edema appears, then arms and legs become weak.
• Acute. Development occurs during or after a viral illness. After eliminating the cause begins to break limbs, the temperature changes and burning pains occur. Symptoms grow from a few hours to a few days.
• Diabetic. He is suffering from diabetes. Often violations in the limbs begin before the main symptoms of the disease. They can last a long time if the treatment is successful. The patient is difficult to walk, just to manipulate his fingers, accompanied by paresis and muscle atrophy.
• Chronic. It develops gradually if the provoking factor acts constantly. Begins atrophy and weakness in the muscles of the limbs. There is a disorder of speech and inflammation of the brain.
• Toxic polyneuritis. It starts because of alcohol or salts of heavy metals. Can have a sharp and subacute shape. Severe poisoning is accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea and pain. Then there are obvious signs of polyneuritis, the general condition worsens.
• Vegetative. Appears with intoxication, poor working conditions or thyrotoxicosis. The disease is characterized by burning pains throughout the body. Worsens trophic tissue, changes body temperature, there is excessive or insufficient sweating.
• Infectious. It begins because of the pathogen of infection. There is a fever, nervous defeat of extremities. And it develops along the ascending path.
• Almentary. It starts because of a lack of vitamins, especially B. Or its incorrect assimilation. In addition to pathological signs, there is a violation of cardiac activity.

Features of the disease

In polyneuritis, the pathological lesion of distant nerve endings in the limbs is mainly. This reduces the sensitivity and the reduction in strength in the feet and hands. If the defeat of nerves started higher, this is already a neglected form. Treatment depends on the original cause.

Polyneuritis of the extremities affects nerves, so the disease is associated with stops and brushes. At the onset of the disease, they become colder, and later a sensitivity disorder begins. Since changes characterized by dystrophic changes occur in the nerves, inflammation is not typical here.

Types of polyneuritis

Polyneuritis can be of several types:

• Infectious. The cause is the catarrh of the upper respiratory tract. In this case, the temperature rises, the cells become inflamed.
• Diphtheria. The reason is incorrect or untimely treatment. At the same time, the sky paralyzes, there is a voice nasal. Eating is difficult.
• Lead. Appears because of sour jam from berries, stored not in earthenware. In this case, the radial nerves are affected , there are pains in the abdomen and a lead coating on the gums.
• Arsenic. It can be domestic or professional. Signs - pain in the stomach, vomiting and paralysis of the extremities.
• Diabetic type. It affects the nerve endings of the limbs or face.
• Professional. Appears in those who work with vibrating tools, or who, because of work, muscles are overstrained. Thus there are pains in brushes, a sweating, and fingertips pale.

Causes of the disease

Polyneuritis is divided into two groups - axonopathy and demyelinating neuropathy. In the first case, the nerve axles suffer. Most often this form is due to toxic poisoning. In the second case myelin sheath of nerves suffers. Can be transmitted by inheritance, there is an autoimmune variety.

Causes of polyneuritis:

• Poisoning of the body with dangerous poisons, which can not or are hardly excreted by the kidneys;
• Improper treatment of polyneuritis with isoniazid, bismuth or other antibiotics to which the kidneys react;
• Bacterial, viral and oncological diseases;
• Problems in the work of the endocrine gland - endogenous intoxications, which develop in pathologies of the thyroid gland, nephritis and diabetes mellitus;
• metabolic disease;
• Pancreas, liver or kidney disease;
• Vitamin deficiency (vitamin B deficiency);
• Encephalopathy;
• Work in the cold and with vibrating tools;
• Genetic disorders.

A separate variety is alcoholic polyneuritis. Symptoms are found in patients who abuse alcohol. This form of polyneuritis affects the parts of the nerves in the kidneys, and they stop coping with the poison that enters the body.

Symptomatics

Often, people develop a disease like polyneuritis. Symptoms:

• Shivers, a feeling of numbness and burning of the extremities.
• When examined on the affected areas the skin is pale, with a marble pattern. The touch is much colder than the rest of the body. Because of the overabundance of sweating, wet.
• Muscular weakness, manifested by discomfort during the simplest household operations - fastening buttons, holding small items in hands, etc.
• Often, gastrointestinal diseases begin, symptoms - vomiting, diarrhea, etc. The cause may be a metabolic disorder.
• On the feet, the back muscles weaken (when bending). As a result, the leg "hangs", while walking, the patient has to lift his limbs high.
• Disturbance of sensitivity. Patients do not feel temperature changes, sharp pricks and touches. Simultaneously, severe pain and burning occurs.
• Violation of coordination, uncertain gait and trembling of hands.
• Thinning of the skin on the limbs. Puffiness and the acquisition of a dark purple hue. Changing the structure of nails.
• Severe pneumonia with pronounced tachycardia and shortness of breath.

Diagnostics

The doctor conducts a survey and a general examination of the patient. Assigns tests that help determine the toxic substances in the body. The endocrine system and internal organs are examined. Analyzes for the presence of oncology. Electromyography is performed.

Treatment

How to treat polyneuritis? Symptoms May indicate a specific cause of the disease. After its establishment, the necessary treatment is prescribed. It depends not only on the cause, but also on the degree of impaired sensitivity or nervous breakdown.

If polyneuritis is in the initial stage, then drug therapy is used. Prescribed medications:

• Anti-inflammatory;
• Anesthetics;
• Vitamin (thiamine hydrochloride);
• To accelerate the metabolism;
• To stimulate the movements of feet and hands.

If the disease is in an acute form, UHF therapy and electrophoresis are prescribed. Often with polyneuritis you have to treat digestive diseases. Symptoms, which are manifested, will allow to establish an accurate diagnosis and prescribe a special diet. The emphasis should be on products containing vitamin B.

Doctors prescribe therapeutic exercise, mud baths and massage. When the disease worsens, rest and bed rest are necessary. To replenish the body of vitamin B, thiamine hydrochloride (in ampoules for intramuscular injections, capsules or tablets) can be prescribed.

Traditional methods of treatment

People's ways can be treated and such a disease as polyneuritis. Symptoms may suggest the cause of the disease. It is necessary to consult a doctor, since initially you need to eliminate acute symptoms. And folk methods - secondary treatment.

Recommended decoctions of herbs, which improve metabolism. And also special baths or application to the affected areas of compresses. Birch branches, wormwood, pine shoots or eucalyptus are taken for them. Insist in the proportion of 100 g / liter of boiling water. Then the resulting infusion is poured into water or applied to the sore spot as a compress.