Polyhydramnios during pregnancy. Causes of development

For the development of the fetus in the mother's womb, nature created ideal conditions. The amniotic fluid not only protects the developing fetus well, but also enables it to make its first movements. But, unfortunately, pregnancy does not always pass without problems. Sometimes pregnancy can be complicated by various diseases, for example, diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular diseases, which lead to the development of polyhydramnios during pregnancy. The causes of this phenomenon lie not only in concomitant pregnancy diseases, but also in many other factors.

Causes of Causes

It is believed that the normal volume of amniotic fluid in the past two or three months should not exceed 1.5 liters, if their number is greater, they are already talking about their excessive accumulation. Distinguish between chronic and acute polyhydramnios during pregnancy. Causes may be present for a long time and do not make itself felt until the onset of pregnancy.

Acute polyhydramnios are rare, and most often develop at very early stages of pregnancy - in 16-24 weeks. This species develops rapidly, can develop even for several hours. Characteristic features are a sharp increase in the abdomen, edema of the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity, painful sensations in the lower back and in the groin, stress of the walls of the uterus. Due to the fact that this type of polyhydramnios develops very quickly and the body of a pregnant woman does not have time to adapt to a new condition, it often develop shortness of breath, while it is almost impossible to listen to the heartbeat of the fetus.

Chronic polyhydramnios develop quite often at the end of pregnancy. Symptoms are not so pronounced. The increase in the uterus occurs gradually and the body of the pregnant woman has time to adapt to this state, and therefore, there is no particular discomfort. Despite the fact that this type of polyhydramnios develops very slowly, this confirms the presence in the body of the future mother of any occurring pathological processes that cause chronic polyhydramnios during pregnancy. The causes of both chronic and acute polyhydramnios can be as follows:

- pyelonephritis and diabetes mellitus of a pregnant woman - in these diseases water exchange in the body is disturbed;

- diseases of the cardiovascular system - with Rh-conflict there is a risk of hemolytic disease in the fetus, it can be a threat to the mother and fetus;

- bacterial and viral diseases that the woman suffered before the onset of pregnancy, and during pregnancy - venereal and urogenital infections, torch infections, fungal diseases, for example, thrush, and acute viral infectious diseases, for example, influenza;

- Multiple pregnancy - in this case, most of the water is observed in one fetus, and in another, on the contrary, the lack of hydration;

- in the development of the fetus there are genetic pathologies.

Polyhydramnios are very dangerous for the mother and child. A large amount of amniotic fluid strongly presses the cervix, this can provoke premature birth. By the end of pregnancy, in case of polyhydramnios, the fetus can not assume the correct head position, so it is often resorted to by cesarean section. Stretched by a large amount of amniotic fluid, the uterus loses its elasticity, and can cause severe labor, namely weak labor activity.

Regardless of what exactly is diagnosed with polyhydramnios during pregnancy, the reasons must be eliminated in the first place, therefore, all treatment should be aimed at fighting infection. A regular visit to the doctor allows you to identify polyhydramnios and take appropriate measures.