Pneumatic wheel crane: marks, device, technical characteristics

Lifting equipment is a special kind of specialized equipment, without which it is extremely difficult to imagine highly effective implementation of planned works on the construction site, in the production workshop, and in some cases, search and rescue operations (for example, debris analysis after earthquakes). It goes without saying that for each operation to lift and move cargo it will be rational to use a certain kind of similar devices. But, as shown by many years of practice, quite often the best option for operation is a pneumatic wheel crane. About its device and technical features, we'll talk in this article.

Definition

So, a pneumatic wheel crane is a universal crane belonging to the type of boom and moving on a pneumatic wheel chassis. The machine is controlled from the cab located on the turning part of the unit. The crane operator must perform a full visual inspection of the main parts and components before starting operation, and check the operation of the brake system. This is done to ensure the proper level of safety of work.

Historical reference

The first pneumatic wheel crane in the Soviet Union was released in 1947, which was quite far from us. The name of the first model is K-101. Its carrying capacity was about 10 tons. The machine was already installed on a three-axle chassis. In the same production, the K-102 crane has already gone. It was created in 1952, and the release occurred in the period 1954-1958. And already in 1961, the production of more powerful K-161 cranes began, with a payload capacity of 16 tons.

For today, pneumatic wheel type lifting machines are produced only in Western Europe, in Germany.

Appointment

Any self-propelled crane with a pneumatic wheel drive is designed to ensure high-quality and rapid performance of various construction and assembly and handling operations on objects that are relatively small in each other's space.

At the time of these works simultaneous execution is allowed:

• Lifting or lowering the load with lifting or lowering the boom itself.
• Lifting or lowering the working boom with turning the machine in the desired direction.

All these actions are safely carried out thanks to the availability of special equipment on the crane, which we will talk about further.

Designation

The marking of cranes makes it possible to determine all the most important technical features and parameters. First of all, we consider the available universal indices "К", "КС".

"K" is an alphabetic designation, which in due time was approved by Minstroydormash. A hoisting crane, produced before 1967, will have one-letter index and two or three digits. By itself, the letter indicates that the car belongs to the group of cranes, and the numbers signal the indicator of the carrying capacity and the model serial number.

Since 1967, the indexation of "CS" has been introduced, which means "self-propelled crane".

After letters there are always four figures, each of which carries certain information. So, the first digit means the carrying capacity:

• 1 - 4 tons;
• 2 - 6.3 tons;
• 3 - 10 tons;
• 4 - 16 tons;
• 5 - 25 tons;
• 6 - 40 tons;
• 7 to 63 tons;
• 8 - 100 tons;
• 9 - more than 100 tons.

The second digit gives information about the type of running gear and means:

• 1 - caterpillar type device;
• 2 - the device is broadened caterpillar;
• 3 - pneumatic wheel;
• 4 - special chassis (automotive type);
• 5 - truck chassis;
• 6 - tractor chassis;
• 7 - towing trailing device ;
• 8 and 9 are reserved.

The third digit determines the type of boom suspension that can be rope (denoted by the number 6) and hard (number 7).

The fourth digit is the assigned model modification number.

Consider the example of a crane KS-7164. Its marking is deciphered as follows: a self-propelled crane, having a carrying capacity of 63 tons, on a caterpillar traveling device, equipped with a rope suspension of an arrow, a modification is the fourth.

Technical structure

The detailed arrangement of pneumatic-wheeled cranes should be considered from the principle of the arrangement of power plants.

The first group is the cranes, the power plant of which is located on the turning part. They are mechanically transmitted directly to the running gear due to a single-engine diesel drive and gears. Also, energy can be transferred to the engines of the running gear using an electric or diesel-electric drive. The carrying capacity of such machines is in the range of 10 to 100 tons.

The second group is the cranes, the power plant of which is mounted on the running gear. In this case, the energy is transferred directly to the running gear and the swivel part from the generator, which, in turn, is powered by a diesel engine. This category includes load lifting machines MKT-40, with a load capacity of 40 tons.

In general, any such crane will necessarily have a lifting mechanism and a movement mechanism, each of which will consist of various units and parts.

The most commonly used model

КС-5363 - the crane is diesel-electric. It operates a multi-motor type drive operating on a direct current. The energy is supplied by the power plant located on the unit. The machine can use a two-rope grab equipped with a bucket with a capacity of 2 cu. M.

This crane (25 tons - indicator of the carrying capacity of its main lifting mechanism) is also equipped with an auxiliary lifting mechanism that serves loads of up to five tons.

All the executive bodies of the machine have a sufficiently wide range of speed control, which is performed by the generator-motor system. At the time of movement, it is allowed to turn the crane's platform, if any load is not attached to it.

Crane control and features of its design

KS-5363 is controlled by three powerful systems: mechanical, electrical and hydraulic. Actuation of the required mechanism is carried out from the console by pressing the buttons, and also by a pair of controllers.

Switching the gearbox, adjusting the bearing of the supports, turning the wheels, locking the differential - all this is done by activating the pump hydraulic system, which operates on the basis of the energy of the compressed fluid. The support is locked and controlled from the remote located on the running device, and all other mechanisms are controlled from the cab of the driver (driver).

The hydraulic system uses a gear pump NSh-32E, whose productivity is 35 l / min. The injected pressure can be 10.5 MPa.

Crane winches are equipped with special spindle-type limit switches and rope hoists.

The crane (25 tons) is equipped with a tower and an arrow. The latter has a length of fifteen meters and can be increased if necessary by inserts with dimensions of 5 or 10 meters to an index of 20, 25 and 30 meters.

The drive unit is represented by two drive axles, all wheels being doubled. External hydraulic horns can, as used in the process of lifting the load, and not.

As a power plant, the crane has a four-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine, an alternating current motor and two direct current generators. This unit is also connected to the gear pump by means of belt gears.

The winch of the main lift as part of its kinematic scheme has:

• The electric motor;
• Three-stage reducer;
• Gear clutch, preventing shaft overload;
• Shoe brake with short-stroke magnet;
• Drum with a ring gear.

Cabin of machine

Inside the cockpit there is a dashboard on the front of a sufficiently large windshield. It has various ammeters, voltmeters, switches, switches, a pressure gauge and a thermometer. On both sides of the board mounted command controllers, control mechanisms, as well as devices for adjusting the speed of movement of the machine and controlling the rotation of the wheels.

In addition, the cabin has an electric heater for heating in the cold season, heaters that completely exclude the possibility of icing of windows and their fogging, a fan for cooling the driver in the summer period, windshield wipers. The operator of the crane himself sits in an armchair, the height of which can be adjusted if necessary.

Moving to work place

Towing of the crane takes place with the help of a special tractor at a speed of no more than 20 km / h. If it is necessary to transport a pneumatic-wheel crane on a railroad track, then in this case all the wheels and an arrow are removed from it, and the machine itself is installed on a sixty-ton railway platform.

Digital data

In general, pneumatic-wheeled cranes, the technical characteristics of which will be listed below in the table, are characterized by an excellent combination of price and quality. Many years of practice showed that the money invested in the purchase of such cars is returned quickly enough. In today's conditions, the Volvo pneumatic crane is very popular in the consumer environment, which is explained by its optimal performance, reliability and maintainability. The real German quality has received the love and recognition of users quite deservedly.

Brands of pneumatic wheel cranes

In addition to the above-mentioned "K" index, there is also a marking:

1. "MCP" is an assembly pneumatic wheel crane.
2. "MKT" is a mounting crane on the basis of a tractor unit. In its designation, after the hyphen, the tonnage is indicated. For example, MKT-63.
3. "MKTT" is a mounting crane with a telescopic boom on the base of the tractor. Here, too, the figures signal the carrying capacity.