Plaster for furnaces: types, characteristics, application features

When the era of gasification came, Russian furnaces began to be perceived by consumers as a relic of the past. Innovations in their decoration were almost not developed, but in vain. The furnace acts as a reliable source of heat, it can work regardless of power outages, among other things, it does not affect the cost of energy. Recently there has been a reassessment of values, the services of stove-makers are becoming popular, the forgotten secrets of furnishing furnaces are being restored. If you also decided to revive an old stove or plaster a new one, you should choose the right mortar, since the requirements for finishing materials in this case are quite high. Facing in the process of operation will be constantly exposed to high temperatures. The chosen stucco for the stoves must be environmentally friendly, elastic and have good thermal conductivity.

Varieties of plaster for furnaces

When stucco ovens are used today, special formulations are used that differ from traditional cement-sand mortars that are suitable for plastering house walls, as an example, clay plaster can be considered, the features of its preparation are described below.

The need for special solutions is due to the fact that the furnace laying will expand and contract under the influence of temperatures. That is why it is important to use such a mixture, which will be characterized by elasticity, and also will not impede the rapid warming up of the room.

In order to give such qualities to the composition, the following should be added to the ingredients:

• fiberglass;
• Chamotte;
• Clay;
• asbestos;
• salt.

When mixing the mixture, simple clay and fairly complex solutions can be used that you can prepare yourself. Some get them ready. If you choose a solution for stoving the stove, you can consider several of its varieties, to prepare the first one, prepare one part of the clay, two parts of sand and 0.1 part of the asbestos. The second kind of composition is prepared from one part of clay and the same volume of lime, as well as two parts of sand and asbestos in the same volume that was mentioned above.

To prepare the third version of the composition, you must use two parts of lime, one part of sand and gypsum, and 0.2 parts of asbestos. The fourth option is clay plaster, which has the following proportions: clay, cement, sand and asbestos must be combined in a ratio of 1: 1: 2: 0.1.

Features of preparation of different mixtures for plaster and their characteristics

If you prepare the mortar for the stucco, it is important to take into account the fat content of the clay. If the fat parameter is low or too high, the ratio of the components may vary. The fatter this ingredient, the greater the amount of sand required. Mixing the components is necessary for the same technology, the first thing to do is to enter dry components, then add a solution of lime or clay.

In order to increase the strength, 200 g of salt should be added to the bucket of mud-sand mortar. When using the mortar, when 1 part of cement or clay is added to two parts of sand, it is necessary to work out the composition as quickly as possible, since in an hour after preparation the stucco for the furnaces will be unsuitable. When buying cement, you should choose the one that has the brand M-400 or M-500. Using clay, water and sand, it is necessary to knead a thick dough, afterwards asbestos cement is introduced into the composition. With the addition of water, the ingredients are well mixed, the density of the solution should be a creamy.

Advice on the preparation of plasters

Before the furnish of the furnace is carried out, an astringent aggregate must be added to any composition, which may be lime or cement. When using a high-strength mixture on the basis of gypsum, one thing should be considered, which is the rapid drying of the mixture. This will only happen within 6 minutes, and in half an hour the composition will be already unfit for use.

Alternative plaster options

The basis most often used is gypsum or natural clay. In the role of filler, any material that is available at a cost or left after a basic construction can be used. This should include:

• lime;
• sand;
• asbestos;
• fiberglass.

When gypsum is used as the main raw material, the following proportions can be adhered to: 1 part of gypsum, 0.2 parts of fiberglass, 2 parts of lime and 1 part of sand.

Preparation of tools

Furnishing of the furnace should be carried out only after the preparation of a certain set of tools. Before starting work, you must prepare:

• Burlap;
• Nails;
• A primer;
• drill;
• Sandpaper;
• level.

The capacity is required to mix the plaster, while the drill with the nozzle can be used as a mixer. Prepare a brush and grater, as well as emery of different granularity. These tools will be needed to treat the plaster surface after it dries. When buying nails, you should give preference to those that have a length of 5 cm.

Surface preparation

If you have already decided what to do with the stove, then you can start the preparatory work. To ensure that the solution does not peel off over time and does not become covered with cracks, and also looks attractive, it is necessary to follow certain instructions during the work. The roughing base is cleaned, dust and dirt should be removed from it, updating the coating and removing the remnants of the old material. The stitches are cleared 10 mm deep, and then the nails are hammered at the seams, the distance between them is 15 cm. Above the surface they should rise by 1/4 of the length.

Before the stucco is made, the surface must be covered with a primer, and after leaving the structure until the solution dries. The oven is heated, and then the plaster mixture is prepared taking into account the chosen proportions. At a time, you should prepare a volume of the mixture that you will have time to use before it solidifies. The surface is wetted by a grater or a brush, and then the plaster grid is laid .

Application of plaster

Plaster for furnaces is applied 0.5 cm thick on the grid. It is recommended to use a trowel or grater, one of which is pre-wetted in water. This layer will strengthen the grid, and as an alternative solution you can fix it with nails at the seams. Then there should be a technical pause until the mixture hardens. The thickness of the second layer should be equal to 1 cm or less, it should be left to set, but not until it is completely solidified.

The plaster is wetted with water, which will level out any irregularities with sandpaper or a float. The coating should be checked for cracks and chips. If they appeared, then you need to expand the cracks, treat them with water and fill with a solution. Grout should be done after the surface has dried.

Nuances of works

The stucco is applied from the top to the bottom. For the first layer it is necessary to prepare a solution of a more liquid consistency, whereas for the second layer it is thick. Nails will be beacons for orientation along the thickness of the layer and uniformity of distribution of the mixture.

Use of heat-resistant composition

If the furnaces work without strong temperature changes, then it is perfectly possible to use for the plastering the mixture prepared independently. If you notice that cracks have gone over the surface after a while, then you should purchase a ready-made compound that can tolerate a temperature of up to 200 °. The advantage of such materials is the heat transfer, which in times exceeds this characteristic for clay solutions.

Application is made according to the technology described above, the furnace is pre-treated with a heat-resistant primer. For plastering it is best to use a reinforcing mesh with square cells, the side of which is 2 cm or less. Heat-resistant plaster for furnaces is applied in 2 layers, the main one should be thicker than sour cream, and apply it for splashing. Its application is made with a brush for better bonding of materials.

Conclusion

When preparing the main solution, do not mix a large volume, since if the composition hardens in a bucket, it will not be possible to use it.