Pinout of a twisted pair

Modern ways of access to the Internet offer several variants of connections: by means of a coaxial cable, an optical fiber and twisted pair. Let us dwell in more detail on the characteristics of the twisted cable and how the pinout of the twisted pair is made, That for this it is necessary and which rules should be adhered to.

A twisted pair is called a wire that is twisted and covered with insulation. One twisted cable may contain 2 or 4 twisted pairs of wires placed in a dielectric sheath. The wires are in different voltages, they receive an information signal. Several types of twisted pairs can be distinguished. They are unshielded, foil with an external screen, foil with a pair of external shields, protected and shielded protected. Twisted pair has one drawback. When it is used, there is a risk of interception of information transmitted over the cable. To screen it is necessary in order to avoid unauthorized listening. On the other hand, shielded wires are quite expensive and therefore are used less often.

Cables in which twisted pair is used are divided into several categories. The first is a telephone cable intended for voice transmission. By cable category 2, you can transfer information in the frequency band up to one megahertz, 3 categories - up to 16 megahertz, 4 categories - up to twenty megahertz. The latter is rarely used, because it almost does not differ from the category 3 cable.

The most perfect at the moment is considered a fifth category cable, designed to transmit information in frequencies up to one hundred megahertz. Twisted pair Category 5 has not less than twenty-seven turns per meter of length. Usually there are several of them, up to twenty-five pairs. The cable is suitable for connecting computers to the Internet and creating local networks. There are also cables of the 6th and 7th categories, which are respectively rated at 200 and 600 megahertz. Category 6 cable is used to connect to Ethernet networks.

When connecting to a local network at least two computers, there are difficulties. To overcome them and make the connection the most optimal, you will need network cards of computers and twisted pair, belonging to the fifth category, as well as connectors like RJ-45.

Since cables consisting of twisted pairs are difficult to penetrate into the sockets, their crimping is required, which is carried out according to standards and with the use of special tools so that the quality of information transfer is not affected. If the cable has eight cores, a twisted pair pinout is made for Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet standards. Due to the fact that cables of the 5th and 6th categories show themselves well with twisting and bending, they are successfully used for the manufacture of patch cords that connect to the periphery with the sockets.

Let us dwell in more detail on two options that are used when connecting computers to a network or for connecting one PC to network equipment (patch cord). And the entire local network can use only one option, which will be used to pinout the twisted pair. The cable must be prepared for insertion into the connector. It is worth noting that both RJ-45 connectors should be crimped in the same way. There are two types of crimping, which are applied to the twisted pair. The first (direct order) has the direction "workstation-hub". The second is cross-connect, cross-link.

To connect the network cards of two computers directly, you need to separate the cable so that the pairs (for example, orange and green) are interchanged. Thus, pinout of the twisted pair cable is made, as a result of which one of the connectors will be compressed by the first option, and the second one by the second option. The cable will in this case be called a crossover. It is also called the Nulhabn.

Thus, the advantage of twisted pairs is the simplicity of their installation and low cost. Stranded wires have a large signal attenuation and are most common for connecting the Internet, to improve the quality of the process, pinout of twisted pair is used, which allows adapting the cable for connections to the computer and peripheral devices.