Organization of the file system of disk space

The starting point of our discussion should be the thesis that all the data that the file contains is a certain logical structure. It serves as the basis for the software by which each particular file is processed. The organization of the file system, allows, for example, to correctly display information on the display, provides options for selection, correction. This is achieved by the fact that each element of such a system is a unique sequence of codes that separates it from another element. The preservation and maintenance in a stable state of the structure of the system is provided either by the corresponding application or by the file system itself.

In the first variant, all procedures with the file are executed by the application, which initiates the corresponding requests to the system. This method is widely used in modern file systems - Windows, NetWare. In the second, the structure of the file is provided by the OS itself, which recognizes it as a unique sequence of code entries. To do this, each OS has information about the structure of each file type.

Physical organization is a model of the location of files on the media (physical device). The most important parameters of the effectiveness of such an organization are:

- speed of access to information;

- the value of address information;

- level of disk fragmentation;

- the maximum file size.

Such an indicator as fragmentation reflects how disrupted the organization of the file system is due to the dispersal of files of the same type over the disk space.

The hard drive itself is constructed from magnetic plates designed to record any information on them. The recording process consists of applying certain marks to the surface of the plates, and if the mark is not accurately labeled, the disk file system error occurs. Errors should be corrected by means of available programs and the system itself, if errors are not corrected, the disk is usually formatted, and all data from it is deleted. The disk file system includes clusters that are treated as a standard unit of disk space. A cluster is a cell of a certain volume that takes part in the processing of the information contained therein. The size of this cell is determined either automatically, or by logical formatting. A cluster of clusters constitutes a disk partition, i.e. Part of the physical carrier. The unique organization of the file system on the disk involves partitioning the physical device into partitions in order to:

- there were limitations on the size of the specific OS installed on the computer;

- Spread the space between users or split the disk into thematic sections;

- installation of one more operating system is necessary.

Modern OS can effectively support a variety of types of partitions, distributing them for a functional purpose. The most common type selection model is the creation of the primary, primary and additional partitions.

The disk layout is performed using a logical formatting procedure. This organization of the file system is the process of transforming the media space to the requirements of a particular operating system. At the same time, it is very important to comply with the formatting standards that set the rules for disk numbering, naming and status. Most often, modern OSs partition the disk into two areas - the system and the data space . The first is used to manage the data area. The second is intended for placing information about files and directories. The information used when the computer is initially booted is always located on the first (boot) sector of the disk.