Organization as a system and some of its functions

Organization and management is a system that is created to realize the tasks of a certain group of people. Such a group can be represented as consisting of two subgroups: leaders, or owners, and hired personnel. Proceeding from this, two systemic, but at the same time opposite in function, functions are defined: realization of the goal of leaders and the purpose of hired personnel. The interests of these two groups most often do not coincide, as one of the main tasks that the owners of the enterprise try to solve is to minimize costs, including the employees' salaries. The tasks of hired personnel are directly opposite - workers try to minimize their energy, resource costs and get as much as possible payment for their work.

If there are goals of leaders and hired personnel, albeit even oppositely directed, then the organization as a system will be in a certain state, under which it can realize them. However, in order for such a state to become more likely than any other, a resource is needed in the form of either energy, or matter, or information, or a mix of these three components. To obtain the necessary resources, the organization as a system must exchange with the external environment a certain product. The product most often combines energy, substance and information in different combinations. Naturally, the goods contain more substance, and in services - either energy or information. Now managers are increasingly trying to increase the degree of diversity of their product, that is, to diversify it, introducing all these three components into it. Consequently, we can distinguish one more system function - the production of the product.

Organization as a system exists in an ever-changing environment and therefore is inevitably exposed to it, and in response itself affects the surrounding objects. Therefore, we can distinguish one more system function: its interaction with the external environment.

Thus, we defined four basic system functions that are performed by almost any organization: interaction with the external environment; Realization of the goals of leaders; Product manufacturing; Realization of the objectives of hired personnel.

At different stages of the organization's development, the system functions that we consider in this article will have different meanings for it. So, at the initial stage, the main such function will be the creation of a product, since by realizing it, the enterprise receives the financial resources necessary for its development.

Allocation of these basic functions will help us understand which groups of state factors will influence the development of strategic goals and objectives of the organization as System. This is likely to be:

1) a combination of factors, when combined, the goals of leaders and staff will be realized;

2) factors in the presence of which the process of product production can be realized;

3) a group of factors by means of which the requirements of the external environment can be realized.

Having defined the basic functions, it can be understood that organization as a system consists of three managed subsystems interacting with each other:

1) subsystem, which is a management process, connected Directly with the production of the product.

2) a subsystem that manages the processes of interaction with a rapidly changing external environment;

3) a subsystem that manages the processes under which the goals of leaders and hired personnel can be realized.

The approach of this kind will allow us to describe the organization through the interaction of the corresponding subsystems, which will help to better understand its main problems and better solve them.