OJSC is ... Forms of ownership of enterprises. Public corporation

More and more new organizations are appearing in the modern economic market. They have different forms of ownership, are engaged in unique types of activity and are under certain taxation regimes.

Types of organizations

There are many legal entities and individuals who are engaged in economic activities in Russia. These are IP, LLC, JSC, CJSC and many others. All these enterprises differ from each other, but there are similarities. According to certain criteria, the type of organization that continues to operate at the whole stage of the firm's activity is chosen. But in this article we will talk specifically about the company. This is a specific type of organization with its own provisions, rules and reporting.

Forms of ownership of enterprises

As mentioned earlier, organizations are of different types: JSC, CJSC, LLC, IP, partnerships, private entrepreneurs and many others. This is all called forms of ownership. But in connection with the fact that this article is considered to be JSC, let's talk about it.

OJSC - the form of ownership, the most strictly regulated. There are a lot of requirements to such organizations, but they also have their advantages. They consist in the fact that the enterprise can make its own shares and sell them. And here it does not matter who. It can be as one of the founders of society, and any other investor who wants to become a shareholder. The purchase of shares occurs at the highest price (whoever pays the most, he becomes their owner). Thus, you can increase the investment of participants in the company's activities.

However, there are some disadvantages. Unlike all the above forms, members of the society are fully accountable to the organization. This means that if the firm makes a profit, it can be distributed among the shareholders, but if the loss turns out, then all participants incur losses, that is, they must pay all debts.

I would also like to note that the number of shareholders in the company is not limited.

What is JSC

So, let's see what an open joint-stock company is. OJSC is an organization created by several participants (shareholders) who invested their money in the form of shares in the authorized capital of the firm.

As in any new organization, initial investment in the enterprise is required. To do this, several people (it does not matter, will this legal entity or physical person) are united in one group and begin registration of the enterprise. In connection with the fact that the authorized capital consists of shares of each participant, the form of ownership will be the joint-stock company.

Further it is necessary to find out what the enterprise will be: open or closed. The difference is that in ZAO shareholders are solely the founders of the company, and in the JSC shareholders can be any physical or legal persons, regardless of whether they are founders or not.

What are the shares of JSC

As mentioned earlier, the authorized capital of the company consists of shares of the company's founders. However, not all people understand the meaning of the word "action". So, the stock is an issue-grade security, which is given to a person or company in exchange for the amount of money contributed to the initial capital of the new organization.

Shares are of two types: common and preferred. The difference between them is that the owner of a preferred share has a guarantee of a stable income from the company's activities and the initial receipt of dividends upon their distribution. However, regardless of the type of shares, the participant of the OJSC has the right to vote at the general meeting. One share equals one vote.

The founders of the company thus create a shareholding that shows the significance of the person to whom it belongs.

Activities

Regardless of the form of ownership of the organization, the enterprise can engage in any kind of activity. That is, there is no difference in how the company is registered, it does not affect the further development. Only the taxation regime depends on the type of work selected. A JSC is an organization that can be on any regime, there are no restrictions on this matter in the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Accounting in OJSC

OJSC is a commercial organization. From this it follows that all the accounting at such firms is conducted according to the general plan of accounts and rules. The only thing that should be paid attention to is the Law on Joint Stock Companies. It details the conduct of activities and accounting in the company.

So, in order for the company to start working, it is necessary to compile the company's accounting policy and work plan of accounts. Further, the initial capital of the firm is entered in the balance sheet. Then the work itself begins. All expenses and incomes are accounted for in certain accounts, as it is stipulated in the PBU. At the end of the year, all earnings are transferred to account 99, and then to 84. That is, there are no differences in accounting.

The record is double: one amount is indicated in the debit of one account and the loan of the other. A turnover balance sheet is created, etc. At the end of the year, financial statements are compiled , consisting of 5 forms.

General Meeting of Shareholders

At the beginning of the new calendar year, a meeting of all the founders of the society is held. This is called the annual meeting of shareholders. After the end of the financial year, the company gathers all the members of the society to find out the problems in the organization. At one table, all people view the company's accounts, sign it, identify inaccuracies, pluses and minuses of the past year. Also at this meeting, a decision is made about the distribution of profits. However, in order for the meetings to take place, before the end of the calendar year, a list of issues to be considered by the shareholders is drawn up and all participants are notified about them. After this, the consent or refusal of the founders must be received. If someone refused, then the meeting can be postponed to another date. Only in this way it is necessary to collect all shareholders.

However, participants can meet more often. This is called an unscheduled meeting. At such events, issues that can not be left for later are dealt with. An unscheduled meeting must be convened by either the director of the company or certain of its founders who are engaged in the conduct of business.

Reporting of enterprises

And finally it is necessary to say about the reporting of OJSC. It is strictly regulated by law. For violations are exposed to heavy fines, here the main thing is not to be mistaken. But first things first.

The reporting of the enterprise begins with the closing of the accounts of the company. This is done according to the rules of accounting. Further, the reporting itself is formed, which is mandatory for all organizations. However, the JSC makes full reporting, without any cuts or omissions. A distinctive feature of JSC reporting is that it is submitted quarterly. But once every three months it is needed only for shareholders so that they can track the income and expenses of the enterprise. For the tax service reporting is issued once a year. But that's not all.

OAO must necessarily conduct another audit at the end of the year. For this, an agreement is made with a third-party organization to verify the correctness of accounting and tracking of errors, if any. Only after that, reporting is considered complete.

But in this form it can not be handed over. It is necessary to collect an annual meeting of shareholders and submit reports to them. Society participants must sign it. Only after this, reports can be submitted to the tax authority at the place of registration.

And a few words about the publication of accounts. JSC must publish it on its website. Otherwise, the organization is fined. Put on the Internet you need five forms of reporting, together with an audit report.