Obninsk: population, climate, history

Obninsk (Kaluga region) is located at the junction of 3 districts: Borovskoye, Maloyaroslavetsky and Zhukovsky. It is a young city that was transformed from a settlement on July 24, 1956.

The most interesting settlements

Obninsk - the accent falls on the first syllable, and in no other way - has arisen not from scratch. He received his name from the railway station Obninskoe, and she, in turn, - from the names of the landowners Obninsk, who were allowed to build a railway along their land, which now connects Moscow and Ukraine. The Obninskys' estate was the village of Belkino, originally owned by Count Vorontsov and Buturlin. In the village was a beautiful house (not preserved) and the church of Boris and Gleb. This educated family was hosted at the house of the artist V. Serov, the poet V. Bryusov, who described the atmosphere of a summer day in the poem "On the Borders", mentioning the church of Boris and Gleb. V. Serov wrote a portrait of the mistress with a rabbit, it can be found in the artist's works for 1904. Now here is a beautiful park with ponds, sculptures, pavilions - a well-groomed rest place, which offers Obninsk. The population of the surrounding neighborhoods is pleased to visit it.

The Turliki Manor

In the people it is more known as the dacha Morozova. She bought it from the Obninskys Margarita Kirillovna Morozova, in the maidenhood of Mamontov. It is built in a pine forest on the high bank of the Protva River. The magnificent building, in which Gothic and Romanticism blended, was covered with red tiles and on the first floor girded with a balcony. Even now, dilapidated and requiring immediate restoration, it makes a strong impression. The Obninsk administration, according to the public, must find means to restore the mansion. During the war in it for some time was the rate of Marshal G.K. Zhukov. By the way, he was a native of the village of Strelkovka, which is about half an hour's drive from Obninsk and where a memorial to the great marshal is now built.

Homestead Bugry

Also was built Obninsk and subsequently sold to the artist P. P. Konchalovsky, who visited the owners in Belkino. P.P. Konchalovsky, carried away by gardening, planted a varietal lilac, which later was imprinted on his canvases. Here the painter visited together with the families of A.N. Tolstoy, A.A. Fadeev, S.S. Prokofiev, V.E. Meyerhold, A.P. Dovzhenko. The list can be continued for a long time. And also much more you can tell the information, which is connected with the history of the city of Obninsk. But we are moving to the 40th years of the 20th century.

Atomic project

After the war, the question of the possibility of using the atom both for military and for peaceful purposes was especially acute. It was decided to create four institutes, which, in conditions of special secrecy, will engage in nuclear research. One of them, which was called Laboratory "B", was located near Moscow, in the place where Obninsk is now. April 27, 1946 was created object "B" and surrounded by barbed wire. The composition of the workers was mixed. Young graduates of Soviet universities, as well as scientists, engineers, laboratory technicians, mechanics from Germany arrived. The organization of scientific work was handled by Alexander Ilyich Leipunsky. In 1949, he moved from Moscow to the facility and until the end of his life was the permanent scientific supervisor of the institute and the program for the development of fast neutron reactors in the country.

Atmosphere of the first years

Graduates of the Moscow State University, front-line soldiers and talented scientists who were released from the camps came to work. They were offered to reach the Obninskoye station (now they are arriving in Obninsk by the station). And then go to the right through the forest, asking about nothing, to the barrier. The first employees laid the foundation for the most important areas of atomic science and technology. They make up the pride of the city, and the streets of Obninsk bear their names: st. Leipunsky Str. Lyashenko Str. Blokhintseva, pl. Bondarenko. But 70 years ago they were young, full of enthusiasm, enthusiastic about the creative impulse. Every day he opened a new one and set other tasks. It was breathtaking. A strict secrecy brought an element of romance.

Communication of theorists

In the theoretical department there was a liberal situation. Young people could work all night and stay in the morning if they were required. Discharge from mental work was very original: playing leapfrog in the corridor, an energetic cancan and even dancing on the tables. The Germans who worked side by side were measured and punctual. Shared the common creativity and hatred of Nazism. So the future Obninsk population was international.

The atomic station is the first in the world

It was decided to equip it with a uranium-graphite reactor and a water cooling system. Cooling systems, by the way, look very original. From the outside they seem huge fountains. Work on the creation of the AU began in 1950. Round-the-clock activities led to the fact that it took less than 3 years to create it. I.V. Kurchatov often came to the construction site and led theoretical and practical developments. He lingered for a long time, so nearby for him was built a house, which is carefully preserved until now. On May 9, 1954, a chain reaction of fission of uranium nuclei began in the reactor. It was a victory. And by July the station began to give electric current. This event was noted modestly - sitting on the bank of the Protva by the fire. There were no banquets. But the position of the AU was not declassified. In the 1990s, the production of isotopes for medical purposes was debugged on the basis of this station. In the city by this time a large scientific research institute of medical radiology, which specialized in the treatment of all types of cancer, has long worked.

Construction and lay-out

The first offices and houses were built by prisoners. They were guarded by a small garrison with service dogs. The houses were built in the style of Stalinist Empire. Four houses were put along the perimeter of the square, and inside formed a cozy courtyard. Apartments in these three-four-story houses, despite the fact that they often require repairs, are highly appreciated in our days. From one street, which was once called the Central Passage, and now became Lenin's Street, for the 60 years of its existence the whole city of Obninsk has grown. Its population exceeded one hundred thousand people, this is 11% of the number of people living in the Kaluga region. It lives in Khrushchev's houses, in modern cottages, and in high-rise buildings that grow like mushrooms.

Obninsk is very strange. In the 70's and 80's, when visitors asked about where the center was, it was impossible to answer, because as such he was absent. But in the XXI century, he somehow decided. This area of the shopping center "Triumph Plaza" and Aksenovskaya Square. The administration of Obninsk has traditionally been in the "old city" since Soviet times. Obninsk is divided into microdistricts, each of which is easy to go around for half an hour by shuttle bus or bus and to survey all its streets. They smoothly pass one into another, and on them various monuments and busts are put. And more recently, the monument on Triangular Square was unveiled to the pioneers of nuclear energy.

What can a visitor see?

Sights are located outside Obninsk, for example the Bird Park and the Park of Stones. Twenty minutes by car on the Warsaw highway with a turn at the place "Sparrows", and you can spend the whole day, looking at the rare in beauty pigeons, chickens, peacocks, intelligent crow, who willingly poses and flirts. Two thousand birds can not be described in two words. There is much to see in the park. It is equipped with cafes and toilets.

Or you can come to the ethnographic park-museum "Ethnomir" and see palaces of full size of all the peoples of the world. If someone Ceylon or China seems too far away, as the author living in Obninsk, then their best buildings will be seen by people in this park, spread out over a vast territory. Here you can put a leather glove on your hand and take a picture with a falcon. And in winter, if there is snow, ride on a harness with husks. We'll tell you about the snow and heat in the next paragraph.

Climatic conditions

According to statistics, the average temperature in January here is 10 degrees below zero, and in July - 19 degrees Celsius. The indicator of average annual air humidity is at the level of 76-78%.

But recently the climate has become unstable, and the weather does not please. Obninsk in recent years, celebrates the New Year with green lawns, slightly priporoshennymi thin layer of snow. In the spring and summer, too, something strange is happening. In April it is warm. May cold, June flood the daily cold rains. Everyone asks each other: "What did the Internet show next week? What will the weather be like?" Obninsk is waiting for heat in summer and snow in winter, and this is a rarity. How to explain this, no one knows. Everyone is blamed for global warming. Or maybe this is due to the abundance of marshy soils, which are typical for the Kaluga region, where Obninsk is located?

When, at last, the air warms up, this climate can not withstand even southerners. It's hot and humid. The apartment is good to have air conditioning, then it can relax from the debilitating, sticky moisture that covers the whole body on the street. But the residents are beginning to get used to this. Important in Obninsk is quite another.

Naukograd

Unusual Obninsk, whose population has gradually gathered from all over the Kaluga region and other regions of the country. Someone came to serve the infrastructure, someone was invited to work in numerous research institutes. There are as many as ten of them. Everything began, and this is described in sufficient detail, from the basic enterprise - the Physico-Energy Institute. Now he's withered. Science is scarce financed. Money is not released either for research or for raising wages in an inflationary environment. People from science are running, because families need to be fed. And where to run? In trade. And here are the physicists, chemists, meteorologists, design engineers, specialists, whom God himself ordered to develop new technologies, are trading. And this is a disaster not only for Obninsk, but for the whole country. Very strange in this regard the opinion in 2007 was expressed by the chairman of the city assembly: he was pleased that the scientists came to the trade. According to the philistine, this is absurd. Specialists who graduated from higher educational institutions, the Plekhanov Institute for example, should work in trade. But they can not come to science. The outflow of young specialists from the Institute slows the development of the country, and it is very bitter. Therefore, work in Obninsk was concentrated in wholesale and retail enterprises. Well, still the center of employment of the population for persons with higher education offers vacancies of janitors and cleaners, hairdressers-versatile persons or security guards with the license. This is the work in Obninsk. And everything is imposed, although it is against the law, the age and sex qualifications. Women experts will be retrained to sellers-cashiers, and if there are 56 years, then there is only one way - to sweep the streets and wash the floors. Men have a slightly larger choice, but only working specialties are offered, which will not suit everyone.

The Obninsk index

Now not many private people write letters. But sometimes it happens, therefore on the envelope it is necessary to put the Obninsk index - 249030. The last digit can vary depending on the post office number to which the addressee's street belongs.

How to relax in Obninsk

There are a lot of entertaining clubs, cafes and restaurants. They are scattered throughout the city. Usually, walking in them, people leave cars at home and book a taxi, which approach almost instantly. As a rule, the call to the car ends with the words: "Come out, in 2-3 minutes you will arrive ...". Next is the brand of the car and its number. It's enough for the driver to say the name of the cafe, and he will bring it to the entrance. The most popular in the city is the youth entertainment club Sherlock Holmes. The atmosphere is full of comfort, on the walls are hung portraits of the famous detective. Here on certain days there is live music. Sings the charming singer Lily, who has a very feminine appearance, a nice strong voice, well-set movements. Not sparing the forces, the girl, almost without interruption, works with full return. With her cheerful and lyrical songs, the evening flies by as one moment.

The second most popular club is called "Loft". This modern room is executed in a shocking style, which connected the bohemianism and the underground. The club has a DJ, who interestingly puts his programs. Guests can enjoy live music on Saturday and Sunday. You can not only come in pairs, but also make an order for a party in advance.

Health clubs in Obninsk

Obninsk has long been a sports city. The first settlers were fond of volleyball. There is a magnificent volleyball school, its students take part in international competitions, and the best was A.B. Savin, Olympic champion, a pupil of the coach and head of the Youth Sports School V.V. Pitanova. But this is for children and teenagers.

And adults like skis, and if the snow has fallen down, then many have a day off on a ski trip.

But all year round you can practice at numerous fitness clubs with experienced coaches. On the first place it is necessary to put "Oakridge". It operates according to European standards, but the prices are rather high. The fitness club "USSR" was recently opened. It offers to play sports with the whole family, since there is also a children's room. In addition, there are swimming pools for aqua-aerobics.

Green city

On the territory that was gradually built up, there was a forest. During the construction with the trees were treated very carefully, cut down the extremely necessary. And now the city is filled with old trees, and again planted with decorative shrubs. We can say that almost in the center there was a large forest massif, which is called Guryanovskiy forest. There are ski runs. ABOUT! In the city, you can work out and skiing, because there is an appropriate route that descends from the high hill to the Protva River. There is a forest on Mira Avenue and Aksenov forest. The city's "Green economy" works wonderfully, the staff of which is quite small. The flowerbeds are filled with summer bright colors. The landscape designer approaches to business with the big imagination, and flower beds are very beautiful.

The last thing remains: we must tell you how to get to Obninsk. From Moscow from the Kiev railway station there are regular trains. You can get there from the Teply Stan station. Buses run every half an hour, an electric train - once an hour. The cost of tickets is almost the same. And on a personal car - on the Kiev or Warsaw highway.

Not all that can be told about the city is set forth in the article. It is beautiful and convenient for living, there are many general education schools and universities, including two music and art schools, as well as sports schools. Loud crimes do not happen, and life goes on calmly.